Stream Temperature Dynamics in Upland Agricultural Watersheds

A numerical model to compute the free-surface flow hydrodynamics and stream temperature dynamics by solving the depth-averaged, 1D unsteady flow and heat transport equations is presented. The hydrodynamics model considers the effects of arbitrary stream geometry, variable slopes, variable flow regim...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of environmental engineering (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2000-06, Vol.126 (6), p.518-526
Main Authors: Younus, M, Hondzo, M, Engel, B. A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Earth sciences
Earth, ocean, space
Exact sciences and technology
Hydrology
Hydrology. Hydrogeology
TECHNICAL PAPERS
USA, Indiana
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Summary:A numerical model to compute the free-surface flow hydrodynamics and stream temperature dynamics by solving the depth-averaged, 1D unsteady flow and heat transport equations is presented. The hydrodynamics model considers the effects of arbitrary stream geometry, variable slopes, variable flow regimes, and unsteady boundary conditions. The thermal transport model accounts for the effects of solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, cloud cover, wind speed, heat conduction between water and streambed, subsurface flow, and shading by riparian vegetation. The model is verified with measurements in a stream in an upland agricultural watershed located in Indiana. Diurnal variations in the streamflow and stream temperatures are highly transient. The proposed model predicted well the streamflow and stream temperatures that were measured every 15 min over 25 days. The results of this study demonstrate that the solar (shortwave) radiation and subsurface inflow are the most significant contributors to the stream heat budget.
ISSN:0733-9372
1943-7870
DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2000)126:6(518)