Chemoprevention of oral cancer: A review and future perspectives

Background Oral cancer causes significant morbidity and mortality. Chemoprevention utilizes medication or natural compounds to reverse oral premalignant lesions and to prevent second primary tumors. Methods A comprehensive PubMed database and Cochrane Library search from 1980 to 2021 was performed u...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Head & neck 2023-04, Vol.45 (4), p.1045-1059
Main Authors: Liao, Yu‐Hao, Chou, Wei‐Yi, Chang, Chun‐Wei, Lin, Mei‐Chun, Wang, Cheng‐Ping, Lou, Pei‐Jen, Chen, Tseng‐Cheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bleomycin
Carotenoids
Chemoprevention
Chemopreventive agents
Humans
Immune checkpoint inhibitors
Lesions
Leukokeratosis
leukoplakia
Leukoplakia, Oral
Metformin
Morbidity
Mouth Neoplasms - drug therapy
Mouth Neoplasms - prevention & control
Neoplasms, Second Primary
Oral cancer
oral potentially malignant disorders
Plant extracts
Precancerous Conditions - drug therapy
Precancerous Conditions - prevention & control
Precision medicine
Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase
Protein-tyrosine kinase
Retinoids
Retinoids - therapeutic use
second primary tumor
Tumors
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Summary:Background Oral cancer causes significant morbidity and mortality. Chemoprevention utilizes medication or natural compounds to reverse oral premalignant lesions and to prevent second primary tumors. Methods A comprehensive PubMed database and Cochrane Library search from 1980 to 2021 was performed using the keywords “leukoplakia,” “oral premalignant lesion,” and “chemoprevention.” Results Chemopreventive agents included retinoids, carotenoids, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, herbal extracts, bleomycin, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, metformin, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Although some agents demonstrated effect in reducing premalignant lesions and preventing second primary tumors, the results among different studies were highly variable. Conclusions The results of different trials, albeit inconsistent, provided substantial information for future studies. In the era of personalized medicine, future studies will focus on identifying specific biomarkers and molecular profile to monitor and to prevent malignant transformation. Larger trials are warranted to validate the effect of chemopreventive agents.
ISSN:1043-3074
1097-0347
DOI:10.1002/hed.27301