Naphthalimide Fluorescent Skeleton for Facile and Accurate Quantification of Glutathione

Glutathione (GSH), the most prevalent nonprotein thiol in biological systems, acts as both an antioxidant to manipulate intracellular redox homeostasis and a nucleophile to detoxify xenobiotics. The fluctuation of GSH is closely related to the pathogenesis of diverse diseases. This work reports the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Analytical chemistry (Washington) 2023-03, Vol.95 (9), p.4301-4309
Main Authors: Zhang, Fang, Chen, Fan, Shen, Ruipeng, Chen, Ya-xiong, Zhao, Zhengjia, Zhang, Baoxin, Fang, Jianguo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biological properties
Biological samples
Chemistry
Depletion
Fluorescent indicators
Glutathione
Glutathione - metabolism
Glutathione Disulfide - metabolism
Homeostasis
Irradiation
Liquid chromatography
Mice
Movement disorders
Naphthalimides
Neurodegenerative diseases
Nucleophiles
Oxidation-Reduction
Oxidative Stress
Parkinson Disease
Parkinson's disease
Pathogenesis
Skeleton - metabolism
X ray irradiation
Xenobiotics
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Summary:Glutathione (GSH), the most prevalent nonprotein thiol in biological systems, acts as both an antioxidant to manipulate intracellular redox homeostasis and a nucleophile to detoxify xenobiotics. The fluctuation of GSH is closely related to the pathogenesis of diverse diseases. This work reports the construction of a nucleophilic aromatic substitution-type probe library based on the naphthalimide skeleton. After an initial evaluation, the compound R13 was identified as a highly efficient GSH fluorescent probe. Further studies demonstrate that R13 could readily quantify GSH in cells and tissues via a straightforward fluorometric assay with a comparable accuracy to the results from the HPLC. We then used R13 to quantify the content of GSH in mouse livers after X-ray irradiation, revealing that irradiation-induced oxidative stress leads to the increase of oxidized GSH (GSSG) and depletion of GSH. In addition, probe R13 was also applied to investigate the alteration of the GSH level in the Parkinson’s mouse brains, showing a decrease of GSH and an increase of GSSG in Parkinson’s mouse brains. The convenience of the probe in quantifying GSH in biological samples facilitates further understanding of the fluctuation of the GSH/GSSG ratio in diseases.
ISSN:0003-2700
1520-6882
DOI:10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04098