The diversity of salicylic acid biosynthesis and defense signaling in plants: Knowledge gaps and future opportunities

The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) is known to regulate plant immunity against pathogens. Plants synthesize SA via the isochorismate synthase (ICS) pathway or the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) pathway. The ICS pathway has been fully characterized using Arabidopsis thaliana, a model plant that...

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Published in:Current opinion in plant biology 2023-04, Vol.72, p.102349-102349, Article 102349
Main Authors: Ullah, Chhana, Chen, Yen-Ho, Ortega, María A., Tsai, Chung-Jui
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arabidopsis - genetics
Arabidopsis - metabolism
Cyclopentanes - metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Oxylipins
Pathogen defense
Plant Diseases
Plant Growth Regulators
Plants - metabolism
Populus
Redox signaling
SA-JA synergism
Salicylic Acid - metabolism
Salicylic acid biosynthesis
Signal Transduction
Thioredoxin
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Summary:The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) is known to regulate plant immunity against pathogens. Plants synthesize SA via the isochorismate synthase (ICS) pathway or the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) pathway. The ICS pathway has been fully characterized using Arabidopsis thaliana, a model plant that exhibits pathogen-inducible SA accumulation. Many species including Populus (poplar) depend instead on the partially understood PAL pathway for constitutive as well as pathogen-stimulated SA synthesis. Diversity of SA-mediated defense is also evident in SA accumulation, redox regulation, and interplay with other hormones like jasmonic acid. This review highlights the contrast between Arabidopsis and poplar, discusses potential drivers of SA diversity in plant defenses, and offers future research directions.
ISSN:1369-5266
1879-0356
DOI:10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102349