Climate lags and genetics determine phenology in quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides)

Summary Spatiotemporal patterns of phenology may be affected by mosaics of environmental and genetic variation. Environmental drivers may have temporally lagged impacts, but patterns and mechanisms remain poorly known. We combine multiple genomic, remotely sensed, and physically modeled datasets to...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The New phytologist 2023-06, Vol.238 (6), p.2313-2328
Main Authors: Blonder, Benjamin W., Brodrick, Philip G., Chadwick, K. Dana, Carroll, Erin, Cruz‐de Hoyos, Roxanne M., Expósito‐Alonso, Moisés, Hateley, Shannon, Moon, Minkyu, Ray, Courtenay A., Tran, Hoang, Walton, James A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air temperature
Carbon
carbon allocation
Climate
Climate Change
Damage accumulation
Diploids
Diploidy
drought
Environmental effects
Genetic diversity
Genetic variation
Genetics
genome‐wide association
Genotypes
Growing season
landscape genetics
Moisture effects
Mosaics
Phenology
Phenotypic plasticity
Plant species
ploidy level
Populus - genetics
Populus tremuloides
Remote sensing
Seasons
sex
Snowmelt
Soil moisture
Soil temperature
Temperature
Trees - genetics
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Summary:Summary Spatiotemporal patterns of phenology may be affected by mosaics of environmental and genetic variation. Environmental drivers may have temporally lagged impacts, but patterns and mechanisms remain poorly known. We combine multiple genomic, remotely sensed, and physically modeled datasets to determine the spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of canopy phenology in quaking aspen, a widespread clonal dioecious tree species with diploid and triploid cytotypes. We show that over 391 km2 of southwestern Colorado: greenup date, greendown date, and growing season length vary by weeks and differ across sexes, cytotypes, and genotypes; phenology has high phenotypic plasticity and heritabilities of 31–61% (interquartile range); and snowmelt date, soil moisture, and air temperature predict phenology, at temporal lags of up to 3 yr. Our study shows that lagged environmental effects are needed to explain phenological variation and that the effect of cytotype on phenology is obscured by its correlation with topography. Phenological patterns are consistent with responses to multiyear accumulation of carbon deficit or hydraulic damage.
ISSN:0028-646X
1469-8137
DOI:10.1111/nph.18850