The current state of ayahuasca research in animal models: A systematic review

• Published in: Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry 2023-07, Vol.125, p.110738-110738, Article 110738
• Main Authors: Daldegan-Bueno, Dimitri, Simionato, Natalia Maria, Favaro, Vanessa Manchim, Maia, Lucas Oliveira
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Addictive behaviour; Animal model; Animals; Antidepressive Agents - therapeutic use; Anxiety; Ayahuasca; Banisteriopsis - chemistry; Depression; Hallucinogens - pharmacology; Hallucinogens - therapeutic use; Primates; Toxicity test; Zebrafish
• ISSN: 0278-5846; 1878-4216
• DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110738

The psychedelic brew ayahuasca is increasingly being investigated for its therapeutic potential. Animal models are essential to investigate the pharmacological effects of ayahuasca since they can control important factors influencing it, such as the set and setting. Review and summarise data available on ayahuasca research using animal models. We systematically searched five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, LILACS and PsycInfo) for peer-reviewed studies in English, Portuguese or Spanish published up to July 2022. The search strategy included ayahuasca- and animal model-related terms adapted from the SYRCLE search syntax. We identified 32 studies investigating ayahuasca effects on toxicological, behavioural and (neuro)biological parameters in rodents, primates and zebrafish. Toxicological results show that ayahuasca is safe at ceremonial-based doses but toxic at high doses. Behavioural results indicate an antidepressant effect and a potential to reduce the reward effects of ethanol and amphetamines, while the anxiety-related outcomes are yet inconclusive; also, ayahuasca can influence locomotor activity, highlighting the importance of controlling the analysis for locomotion when using tasks depending on it. Neurobiological results show that ayahuasca affects brain structures involved in memory, emotion and learning and that other neuropathways, besides the serotonergic action, are important in modulating its effects. Conclusions: Studies using animal models indicate that ayahuasca is toxicologically safe in ceremonial-comparable doses and indicates a therapeutic potential for depression and substance use disorder while not supporting an anxiolytic effect. Essential gaps in the ayahuasca field can still be sufficed using animal models. •Ayahuasca is safe at ceremonial-based doses but can be toxic at high doses•Animal models indicate an antidepressant but not an anxiolytic effect of ayahuasca•Animal models indicate the potential of ayahuasca to reduce other drugs' reward•Other neuropathways besides 5-HT are important in modulating ayahuasca effects