Synthesis and characterization of phenothiazine sensor for spectrophotometric and fluorescence detection of cyanide

A sensitive and selective phenothiazine‐based sensor (PTZ) has been successfully synthesized. The sensor PTZ displayed specific identification of CN− ‘turn‐off’ fluorescence responses with a quick reaction and strong reversibility in an acetonitrile:water (90:10, V/V) solution. The sensor PTZ for de...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Luminescence (Chichester, England) England), 2023-04, Vol.38 (4), p.477-486
Main Authors: Al‐Zahrani, Fatimah A. M., Al‐Ghamdi, Huda A., Abdel‐Lateef, Mohamed A., El‐Shishtawy, Reda M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetonitrile
Anions
Anions - chemistry
Charge efficiency
Charge transfer
Colorimetry
Colorimetry - methods
cyanide
Cyanides
Cyanides - chemistry
Density functional theory
Detection
Drinking water
Drinking Water - analysis
Fluorescence
fluorescence sensor
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
nucleophilic addition
Phenothiazine
Response time
Sensors
Spectrophotometry
Titration
Water analysis
Water sampling
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Summary:A sensitive and selective phenothiazine‐based sensor (PTZ) has been successfully synthesized. The sensor PTZ displayed specific identification of CN− ‘turn‐off’ fluorescence responses with a quick reaction and strong reversibility in an acetonitrile:water (90:10, V/V) solution. The sensor PTZ for detecting CN− exhibits the marked advantages of quenching the fluorescence intensity, fast response time (60 s), and low value of the detection limit. The concentration that is authorized for drinking water by the WHO (1.9 μM) is far higher than the detection limit, which was found to be 9.11 × 10−9. The sensor displays distinct colorimetric and spectrofluorometric detection for CN− anion due to the addition of CN− anion to the electron‐deficient vinyl group of PTZ, which reduces intramolecular charge transfer efficiencies. The 1:2 binding mechanism of PTZ with CN− was validated by fluorescence titration, Job's plot, HRMS, 1H NMR, FTIR analysis, and density functional theory (DFT) investigations, among other methods. Additionally, the PTZ sensor was successfully used to precisely and accurately detect cyanide anions in actual water samples. Spectrophotometric and fluorometric detection of cyanide using a novel phenothiazine sensor.
ISSN:1522-7235
1522-7243
DOI:10.1002/bio.4472