Simultaneous Modeling of Choice, Confidence, and Response Time in Visual Perception

How can choice, confidence, and response times be modeled simultaneously? Here, we propose the new dynamical weighted evidence and visibility (dynWEV) model, an extension of the drift-diffusion model of decision-making, to account for choices, reaction times, and confidence simultaneously. The decis...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Psychological review 2023-11, Vol.130 (6), p.1521-1543
Main Authors: Hellmann, Sebastian, Zehetleitner, Michael, Rausch, Manuel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Accumulation
Choice Behavior
Cognition
Cognition & reasoning
Decision Making
Decision Making - physiology
Discrimination
Female
Human
Humans
Judgment
Judgment - physiology
Male
Motion Perception - physiology
Psychological aspects
Race
Reaction Time
Reaction Time - physiology
Reliability
Reproducibility of Results
Self-Confidence
Stimulus
Thresholds
Visibility
Visual Perception
Visual Perception - physiology
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Summary:How can choice, confidence, and response times be modeled simultaneously? Here, we propose the new dynamical weighted evidence and visibility (dynWEV) model, an extension of the drift-diffusion model of decision-making, to account for choices, reaction times, and confidence simultaneously. The decision process in a binary perceptual task is described as a Wiener process accumulating sensory evidence about the choice options bounded by two constant thresholds. To account for confidence judgments, we assume a period of postdecisional accumulation of sensory evidence and parallel accumulation of information about the reliability of the present stimulus. We examined model fits in two experiments, a motion discrimination task with random dot kinematograms and a postmasked orientation discrimination task. A comparison between the dynWEV model, two-stage dynamical signal detection theory, and several versions of race models of decision-making showed that only dynWEV produced acceptable fits of choices, confidence, and reaction time. This finding suggests that confidence judgments depend not only on choice evidence but also on a parallel estimate of stimulus discriminability and postdecisional accumulation of evidence.
ISSN:0033-295X
1939-1471
DOI:10.1037/rev0000411