Clues about wood density and trace-element variability of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby for bioenergy use

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international 2023-04, Vol.30 (19), p.56161-56173
• Main Authors: Ucella-Filho, João Gilberto Meza, Dias Júnior, Ananias Francisco, de Souza, Elias Costa, da Silva, João Gabriel Missia, Sant’anna Neto, Analder, da Silva, Ana Paula Câmara, Santos, Lourdes Maria Hilgert, Rodriguez, Daigard Ricardo Ortega, Tomazello-Filho, Mário, Brito, José Otávio
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alternative energy sources; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Biodiesel fuels; Biofuels; Biofuels - analysis; Biomass; Biomass burning; Biomass energy; Briquets; Bulk density; Calorific value; Chemical composition; Chlorine; Chlorine - analysis; Climate change; Climate effects; Densitometers; Densitometry; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Fabaceae; Growth rate; Halogens - analysis; Renewable energy; Renewable resources; Research Article; Schizolobium parahyba; Shrinkage; Sulfur; Trace elements; Trees; Variability; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Wood; Wood - chemistry; X-ray fluorescence
• ISSN: 1614-7499; 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26343-4

The interest of biofuel producers in Neotropical species that have high growth rates, slight wood density variability, and elemental composition that does not compromise the environment has increased in recent decades. We investigated the density and chemical characteristics of wood of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber × Ducke) Barneby as a source for the generation of bioenergy. Apparent radial wood density profiles (X-ray densitometry (XRD)) and the elemental distribution (X-ray fluorescence (XRF)) of Cl, S, K, and Ca in the wood of nine S. parahyba var. amazonicum trees, divided into three diameter classes (I = 15.5, II = 19.5, and III = 23.5 cm) were analyzed. The high heating value (HHV) of the wood samples was determined, and the energy density was estimated by the product of the HHV and the apparent density. Trees that grew better (classes II and III) produced wood with higher density. These trees showed higher concentrations of K and S, and lower concentrations of Ca and Cl. The highest Cl concentrations were observed in classes with smaller diameters. The chlorine levels met the standards for use of this wood as fuel, but the sulfur levels were higher than the threshold recommended by the ISO 17225–3:2021 guidelines, which can limit the use of the species for certain energy uses. The wood of S. parahyba var. amazonicum had interesting characteristics for the production of bioenergy due to its low density, so it can be used in the production of solid biofuels such as pellets and briquettes. Monitoring chlorine and sulfur is important, since during the combustion of biomass they are released into the atmosphere and can negatively contribute to the effects of climate change. Graphical Abstract