Biomimetic S‐Adenosylmethionine Regeneration Starting from Multiple Byproducts Enables Biocatalytic Alkylation with Radical SAM Enzymes

S‐Adenosylmethionine (SAM) is an enzyme cofactor involved in methylation, aminopropyl transfer, and radical reactions. This versatility renders SAM‐dependent enzymes of great interest in biocatalysis. The usage of SAM analogues adds to this diversity. However, high cost and instability of the cofact...

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Published in:Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology 2023-05, Vol.24 (9), p.e202300133-n/a
Main Authors: Gericke, Lukas, Mhaindarkar, Dipali, Karst, Lukas C., Jahn, Sören, Kuge, Marco, Mohr, Michael K. F., Gagsteiger, Jana, Cornelissen, Nicolas V., Wen, Xiaojin, Mordhorst, Silja, Jessen, Henning J., Rentmeister, Andrea, Seebeck, Florian P., Layer, Gunhild, Loenarz, Christoph, Andexer, Jennifer N.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenosylmethionine
Alkylation
aminopropylation
Biocatalysis
Biomimetics
Byproducts
Catalysis
cofactors
enzyme catalysis
Enzymes
Methylation
Methyltransferase
Methyltransferases - metabolism
radical SAM enzymes
Regeneration
S-Adenosylmethionine - metabolism
Vitamin B12
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Summary:S‐Adenosylmethionine (SAM) is an enzyme cofactor involved in methylation, aminopropyl transfer, and radical reactions. This versatility renders SAM‐dependent enzymes of great interest in biocatalysis. The usage of SAM analogues adds to this diversity. However, high cost and instability of the cofactor impedes the investigation and usage of these enzymes. While SAM regeneration protocols from the methyltransferase (MT) byproduct S‐adenosylhomocysteine are available, aminopropyl transferases and radical SAM enzymes are not covered. Here, we report a set of efficient one‐pot systems to supply or regenerate SAM and SAM analogues for all three enzyme classes. The systems’ flexibility is showcased by the transfer of an ethyl group with a cobalamin‐dependent radical SAM MT using S‐adenosylethionine as a cofactor. This shows the potential of SAM (analogue) supply and regeneration for the application of diverse chemistry, as well as for mechanistic studies using cofactor analogues. The biomimetic regeneration system for S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) and SAM analogues presented is based on the salvage of the adenine moiety and in situ supply of d‐ribose and polyphosphate. It is compatible with a broad range of SAM‐dependent enzymes including aminopropyl transferases, and is shown to support ethylation reactions with both conventional and radical SAM methyltransferases.
ISSN:1439-4227
1439-7633
DOI:10.1002/cbic.202300133