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Combination of switchable hydrophilic solvent liquid–liquid microextraction with QuEChERS for trace determination of triazole fungicide pesticides by GC–MS
This work first proposed a novel green and efficient method based on Quick, Easy, Cheap, Efficient, Rugged, and Safe pretreatment (QuEChERS) combined with switchable hydrophilic solvent homogeneous liquid–liquid microextraction (SHS-HLLME) for trace determination of triazole fungicides (TFs) in agri...
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Published in: | Analytical sciences 2023-07, Vol.39 (7), p.1151-1161 |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | This work first proposed a novel green and efficient method based on Quick, Easy, Cheap, Efficient, Rugged, and Safe pretreatment (QuEChERS) combined with switchable hydrophilic solvent homogeneous liquid–liquid microextraction (SHS-HLLME) for trace determination of triazole fungicides (TFs) in agricultural products such as vegetables and fruits by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS).
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-Dimethyl benzylamine was used for the synthesis of SHS. Box–Behnken design was applied for the optimization of extraction conditions and a mathematical model was obtained. Ultimately, 0.50 mL SHS, 1.0 mL 10 mol L
−1
sodium hydroxide, and 45 s ultrasonic time were determined as optimal conditions for the SHS-HLLME method. The limit of detection and limit of quantification determined using the optimal method (SHS-HLLME/GC–MS) were 0.13–0.27 ng mL
−1
and 0.43–0.90 ng mL
−1
, respectively. In addition, the SHS-HLLME method under optimal conditions was combined with the traditional QuEChERS method to realize the advancement of the SHS-HLLME method from simple to complex matrix analysis, and the QuEChERS–SHS-HLLME method was successfully applied to the analysis of TFs in cucumbers, tomatoes, watermelon and grapes in agricultural products. Matrix-matched calibration standards were used to improve the accuracy of TFs in spiked cucumber samples to obtain recovery results close to 100%. It was shown that the new method is green and rapid, enabling fast and inexpensive sample pretreatment with up to 100-fold enrichment factor and low detection limit compared with the original QuEChERS method.
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ISSN: | 0910-6340 1348-2246 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s44211-023-00324-6 |