B-esterase measurements and other blood related biomarkers in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) as indicators of health status

• Published in: The Science of the total environment 2023-06, Vol.879, p.163040-163040, Article 163040
• Main Authors: Omedes, S., Crespo-Picazo, J.L., García-Párraga, D., Sole, M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetylcholinesterase - metabolism; Animals; Butyrylcholinesterase - metabolism; Carboxylesterase - metabolism; Carboxylesterases; Cholinesterases; Health Status; Marine litter; Marine turtles; Plasma; Sentinel species; Turtles
• ISSN: 0048-9697; 1879-1026
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163040

The loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) has been selected as sentinel species by the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) descriptor 10 in relation to marine litter. In this, and other protected species, there is a need to develop conservative pollution biomarkers equally informative of chemical exposures to those traditionally carried out in metabolic organs, such as the liver. With this aim, plasma from turtles undergoing rehabilitation at the Fundació Oceanogràfic rescue centre (Arca del Mar) were selected and tested for B-esterase measurements. Hydrolysis rates of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and carboxylesterases (CEs) using four commercial substrates were undertaken on 191 plasma samples. Results indicated that acetylthiocholine was the most adequate substrate of cholinesterases and butyrate esters for CE measures. The correlation of these parameters with well-established blood biochemistry measurements was analysed. B-esterase measures in wild specimens were discussed in relation to age group, pathology on admission to the rescue centre and season; moreover, contrasts with long-term resident turtles were also made. Although this study provides baseline data on B-esterase measures in a large sample size for this species, more complementary information is still needed in terms of population genetics, chemical exposures, and in relation to other biochemical parameters before they can be confidently applied in wild specimens within the regulatory MSFD. [Display omitted] •Plasmatic B-esterase hydrolysis rates are provided in loggerhead turtles.•Gas embolism does not modulate B-esterase responses.•Recovery centres can aid on the use of loggerheads as sentinels.•B-esterases are robust measures applicable to recently deceased individuals.