Critical parameters to translate gold nanoparticles as radiosensitizing agents into the clinic

Radiotherapy is an inevitable choice for cancer treatment that is applied as combinatorial therapy along with surgery and chemotherapy. Nevertheless, radiotherapy at high doses kills normal and tumor cells at the same time. In addition, some tumor cells are resistant to radiotherapy. Recently, many...

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Published in:Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology 2023-11, Vol.15 (6), p.e1886-e1886
Main Authors: Moloudi, Kave, Khani, Ali, Najafi, Masoud, Azmoonfar, Rasool, Azizi, Mehdi, Nekounam, Houra, Sobhani, Mahsa, Laurent, Sophie, Samadian, Hadi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biological properties
Cancer therapies
Chemotherapy
Combinatorial analysis
Drug delivery
Gold
In vivo methods and tests
Lasers
Nanomaterials
Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology
Photosensitization
Radiation sources
Radiation therapy
Radiosensitizers
Surface charge
Tumor cells
Tumors
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Summary:Radiotherapy is an inevitable choice for cancer treatment that is applied as combinatorial therapy along with surgery and chemotherapy. Nevertheless, radiotherapy at high doses kills normal and tumor cells at the same time. In addition, some tumor cells are resistant to radiotherapy. Recently, many researchers have focused on high-Z nanomaterials as radiosensitizers for radiotherapy. Among them, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have shown remarkable potential due to their promising physical, chemical, and biological properties. Although few clinical trial studies have been performed on drug delivery and photosensitization with lasers, GNPs have not yet received Food and Drug Administration approval for use in radiotherapy. The sensitization effects of GNPs are dependent on their concentration in cells and x-ray energy deposition during radiotherapy. Notably, some limitations related to the properties of the GNPs, including their size, shape, surface charge, and ligands, and the radiation source energy should be resolved. At the first, this review focuses on some of the challenges of using GNPs as radiosensitizers and some biases among in vitro/in vivo, Monte Carlo, and clinical studies. Then, we discuss the challenges in the clinical translation of GNPs as radiosensitizers for radiotherapy and proposes feasible solutions. And finally, we suggest that certain areas be considered in future research. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > NA.
ISSN:1939-5116
1939-0041
DOI:10.1002/wnan.1886