Assessing the Use of Probes and Quenchers for Understanding the Reactive Species in Advanced Oxidation Processes

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are increasingly applied in water and wastewater treatment. Understanding the role of reactive species using probes and quenchers is one of the main requirements for good process design. However, much fundamental kinetic data for the reactions of probes and quench...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science & technology 2023-04, Vol.57 (13), p.5433-5444
Main Authors: Lei, Yu, Yu, Yafei, Lei, Xin, Liang, Xi, Cheng, ShuangShuang, Ouyang, Gangfeng, Yang, Xin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Chemical reactions
Chlorides
Chlorine
Dosage
Furfuryl alcohol
Nitrobenzene
Oxidants
Oxidation
Oxidation-Reduction
Oxidizing agents
Probes
Radicals
Rate constants
Species
Treatment and Resource Recovery
Ultraviolet Rays
Wastewater treatment
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water Purification - methods
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Summary:Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are increasingly applied in water and wastewater treatment. Understanding the role of reactive species using probes and quenchers is one of the main requirements for good process design. However, much fundamental kinetic data for the reactions of probes and quenchers with reactive species is lacking, probably leading to inappropriate probe and quencher selection and dosing. In this work, second-order rate constants for over 150 reactions of probes and quenchers with reactive species such as •OH, SO4 •–, and Cl• and chemical oxidants such as free chlorine and persulfate were determined. Some previously ill-quantified reactions (e.g., furfuryl alcohol and methyl phenyl sulfoxide reactions with certain chemical oxidants, nitrobenzene and 1,4-dioxane reactions with certain halogen radicals) were found to be kinetically favorable. The selection of specific probes can be guided by the improved kinetic database. The criteria for properly choosing dosages of probes and quenchers were proposed along with a procedure for quantifying reactive species free of interference from probe addition. The limitations of probe and quencher approaches were explicated, and possible solutions (e.g., the combination with other tools) were proposed. Overall, the kinetic database and protocols provided in this work benefit future research in understanding the radical chemistry in AOPs as well as other radical-involved processes.
ISSN:0013-936X
1520-5851
DOI:10.1021/acs.est.2c09338