Optical Coherence Tomography of Tumor Spheroids Identifies Candidates for Drug Repurposing in Ovarian Cancer

• Published in: IEEE transactions on biomedical engineering 2023-06, Vol.70 (6), p.1891-1901
• Main Authors: Yan, Feng, Ha, Ji-Hee, Yan, Yuyang, Ton, Sam B., Wang, Chen, Mutembei, Bornface, Alhajeri, Zaid A., McNiel, Aubrey F., Keddissi, Andrew J., Zhang, Qinghao, Jayaraman, Muralidharan, Dhanasekaran, Danny N., Tang, Qinggong
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 2-Methoxyestradiol; AZD1208; Cancer; Drug Repositioning; Drugs; Female; Humans; Imaging; Imaging techniques; Inhibitors; Medical imaging; Mercaptoethanol - therapeutic use; Monitoring; multicellular tumor spheroid; Multicellular tumor spheroids; Optical Coherence Tomography; Ovarian cancer; Ovarian Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging; Ovarian Neoplasms - drug therapy; Ovarian Neoplasms - pathology; R-ketorolac; Spheroids; Three-dimensional displays; Tomography; Tomography, Optical Coherence - methods; Tumors
• ISSN: 0018-9294; 1558-2531
• DOI: 10.1109/TBME.2022.3231835

Objective: Multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTs) are indispensable models for evaluating drug efficacy for precision cancer therapeutic strategies as well as for repurposing FDA-approved drugs for ovarian cancer. However, current imaging techniques cannot provide effective monitoring of pathological responses due to shallow penetration and experimentally operative destruction. We plan to utilize a noninvasive optical imaging tool to achieve in vivo longitudinal monitoring of the growth of MCTs and therapeutic responses to repurpose three FDA-approved drugs for ovarian cancer therapy. Methods: A swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system was used to monitor the volume growth of MCTs over 11 days. Three inhibitors of 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME), AZD1208, and R-Ketorolac (R-keto) with concentrations of 1, 10, and 25 µM were employed to treat ovarian MCTs on day 5. Three-dimensional (3D), intrinsic optical attenuation contrast, and degree of uniformity were applied to analyze the therapeutic effect of these inhibitors on ovarian MCTs. Results: We found that 2-ME, AZD1208, and R-keto with concentration of 10 and 25 µM significantly inhibited the volume growth of ovarian MCTs. There was no effect to necrotic tissues from all concentrations of 2-ME, AZD1208, and R-keto inhibitors from our OCT results. 2-ME and AZD1208 inhibited the growth of high uniformity tissues within MCTs and higher concentrations provided more significant inhibitory effects. Conclusion: Our results indicated that OCT was capable and reliable to monitor the therapeutic effect of inhibitors to ovarian MCTs and it can be used for the rapid characterization of novel therapeutics for ovarian cancers in the future.