Urinary Sucrose and Fructose From Spot Urine May Be Used as a Predictive Biomarker of Total Sugar Intake–Findings From a Controlled Feeding Study

Recently, we confirmed 24-h urinary sucrose plus fructose (24 uSF) as a predictive biomarker of total sugar intake. However, the collection of 24-h urine samples has limited feasibility in population studies. We investigated the utility of the urinary sucrose plus fructose (uSF) biomarker measured i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of nutrition 2023-06, Vol.153 (6), p.1816-1824
Main Authors: Tasevska, Natasha, Palma-Duran, Susana A., Sagi-Kiss, Virag, Commins, John, Barrett, Brian, Kipnis, Victor, Midthune, Douglas, O’Brien, Diane M., Freedman, Laurence S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - urine
Diabetes
Diet
dietary biomarker
Dietary Carbohydrates
Feasibility studies
Fructose
Humans
Metropolitan areas
Population studies
predictive biomarker
Sodium - urine
spot urine
Sucrose
Sugar
total sugars
urinary sugars
Urine
Urine Specimen Collection
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Summary:Recently, we confirmed 24-h urinary sucrose plus fructose (24 uSF) as a predictive biomarker of total sugar intake. However, the collection of 24-h urine samples has limited feasibility in population studies. We investigated the utility of the urinary sucrose plus fructose (uSF) biomarker measured in spot urine as a measure of 24 uSF biomarker and total sugar intake. Hundred participants, 18–70 y of age, from the Phoenix Metropolitan Area completed a 15-d feeding study. For 2 of the 8 collected 24-h urine samples, each spot urine sample was collected in a separate container. We considered 4 timed voids of the day [morning (AM) void: first void 08:30–12:30; afternoon (PM) void: first void 12:31–17:30; evening (EVE) void: first void 17:31–12:00; and next-day (ND) void: first void 04:00–12:00]. We investigated the performance of uSF from 1 void, and uSF combined from 2 and 3 voids as a measure of 24 uSF and sugar intake. The biomarker averaged from PM/EVE void strongly correlated with 24 uSF (partial r = 0.75). The 24 uSF predicted from the PM/EVE combination was significantly associated with observed sugar intake and was selected for building the calibrated biomarker equation (marginal R2 = 0.36). Spot urine-based calibrated biomarker, ie, biomarker-estimated sugar intake was moderately correlated with the 15-d mean-observed sugar intake (r = 0.50). uSF measured from a PM and EVE void may be used to generate biomarker-based sugar intake estimate when collecting 24-h urine samples is not feasible, pending external validation.
ISSN:0022-3166
1541-6100
DOI:10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.04.002