Bacteremia caused by Aeromonas species in patients with cancer: Clinical manifestations and outcomes

• Published in: Journal of infection in developing countries 2023-03, Vol.17 (3), p.359-366
• Main Authors: Alatorre-Fernández, Cynthia Pamela, Cornejo-Juárez, Patricia, Velázquez-Acosta, Consuelo, Volkow-Fernández, Patricia
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aeromonas; Anti-Infective Agents - therapeutic use; Bacteremia - drug therapy; Bacteremia - epidemiology; Blood cancer; Breast cancer; Cancer; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - drug therapy; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - epidemiology; Humans; Infections; Male; Middle Aged; Mortality; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Sepsis; Shock, Septic
• ISSN: 1972-2680; 2036-6590; 1972-2680
• DOI: 10.3855/jidc.17530

Oncologic patients can have severe infections due to Aeromonas. This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of cancer patients with bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by Aeromonas. We included patients with bacteremia caused by Aeromonas species from 2011 to 2018. Seventy-five BSI events in the same number of patients were identified. Forty patients were men (53.3%); the mean age was 49 years (IQR 28-61). A. caviae was the most frequent isolate (n = 29, 38.6%), followed by A. hydrophila (n = 23, 30.6%), A. sobria (n = 15, 20%), and A. veronii (n = 8, 10.6%). The most frequent underlying diagnosis was hematologic malignancy (n = 33, 44%), followed by breast cancer (n = 12, 16%) and gastrointestinal tract cancer (n = 8, 10.6%). The most frequent type of bacteremia was CRBSI in 32 cases (42.6%), followed by mucosal barrier injury-laboratory confirmed BSI (n = 20, 26.7%). Sixteen (26.2%) were hospital-acquired BSI. Attributable mortality occurred in 11 patients (14.6%). In univariate analysis A. hydrophila bacteremia, liver failure, skin/soft tissue infection, septic shock, inappropriate antimicrobial treatment, and relapse or cancer progression were associated with 30-day mortality. In multivariate analysis, only septic shock, inappropriate antimicrobial treatment, and relapse or cancer progression were associated with 30-day mortality. Aeromonas species should be considered one of the causative pathogens of healthcare-associated bacteremia, especially in immunocompromised patients. In addition, it can be associated with high fatality, particularly in patients with severe clinical infections.