Fluid balance during physical work in the heat is not modified by the menstrual cycle when fluids are freely available

• Published in: Journal of applied physiology (1985) 2023-06, Vol.134 (6), p.1376-1389
• Main Authors: Freemas, Jessica A, Goss, Curtis S, Ables, Riley, Baker, Tyler B, Bruinvels, Georgie, Mündel, Toby, Martin, Bruce J, Carter, Stephen J, Chapman, Robert F, Schlader, Zachary J
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Female; Hot Temperature; Humans; Menstrual Cycle; Sweating; Walking; Water-Electrolyte Balance
• ISSN: 8750-7587; 1522-1601
• DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00580.2022

We tested the hypothesis that women may be more at risk of becoming dehydrated during physical work in the heat in the early follicular phase (EF), compared with the late follicular (LF) and mid-luteal (ML) phases of the menstrual cycle when allowed free access to drink. Twelve healthy, eumenorrheic, unacclimated women (26 ± 5 yr) completed three trials (EF, LF, and ML phases) involving 4 h of exposure to 33.8 ± 0.8 °C, 54 ± 1% relative humidity. Each hour, participants walked on a treadmill for 30 min at a rate of metabolic heat production of 338 ± 9 W. Participants drank a cool, flavor-preferred non-caloric sport drink ad libitum. Nude body weight was measured pre- and post-exposure, and percent changes in body weight loss were interpreted as an index of changes in total body water. Total fluid intake and urine output were measured and sweat rate was estimated from changes in body mass corrected for fluid intake and urine output. Fluid intake was not different between phases (EF: 1,609 ± 919 mL; LF: 1,902 ± 799 mL; ML: 1,913 ± 671; = 0.202). Total urine output ( = 0.543) nor sweat rate ( = 0.907) differed between phases. Percent changes in body mass were not different between phases (EF: -0.5 ± 0.9%; LF: -0.3 ± 0.9%; ML: -0.3 ± 0.7%; = 0.417). This study demonstrates that the normal hormonal fluctuations that occur throughout the menstrual cycle do not alter fluid balance during physical work in the heat. The effect of the menstrual cycle on fluid balance during physical work in the heat when fluids are freely available is unknown. This study demonstrates that fluid balance is not modified in women across three distinct phases of the menstrual cycle during physical work in the heat These results indicate that when women have free access to cool fluid during physical work in the heat, they respond similarly across all three phases to maintain fluid homeostasis across the menstrual cycle.