Targeted therapy for lung cancer: Beyond EGFR and ALK

• Published in: Cancer 2023-06, Vol.129 (12), p.1803-1820
• Main Authors: Herrera‐Juárez, Mercedes, Serrano‐Gómez, Cristina, Bote‐de‐Cabo, Helena, Paz‐Ares, Luis
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase - genetics; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - drug therapy; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - genetics; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - pathology; Chemotherapy; Commercialization; driver mutations; Epidermal growth factor receptors; ErbB Receptors - genetics; genomic aberrations; Growth factors; Humans; Inhibitors; Kinases; Lung cancer; Lung Neoplasms - drug therapy; Lung Neoplasms - genetics; Lung Neoplasms - pathology; Lymphoma; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Mutation; Non-small cell lung carcinoma; nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC); Oncology; Precision Medicine; Protein Kinase Inhibitors - pharmacology; Protein Kinase Inhibitors - therapeutic use; Protein-tyrosine kinase; Small cell lung carcinoma; targeted therapy; Tyrosine; tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI)
• ISSN: 0008-543X; 1097-0142
• DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34757

Precision oncology comprises the set of strategies that aim to design the best cancer treatment based on tumor biology. A recognized subset of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harbor actionable genomic aberrations that can benefit from targeted therapy. In lung cancer, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements are well characterized oncogenic drivers for which the therapeutic use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors has demonstrated improved outcomes compared with chemotherapy. Other druggable targets are also well characterized, and effective inhibitors have been developed and commercialized, leading to a paradigm shift in NSCLC treatment. Here, the authors provide a review of the oncogenic role of the most relevant molecular alterations in NSCLC and emerging treatments in this setting beyond EGFR‐driven and ALK‐driven diseases. This is a narrative review of the most relevant molecular alterations in non–small cell lung cancer beyond EGFR‐driven and ALK‐driven disease. The oncogenic role of these molecular aberrations and targeted therapy with emerging drugs in this setting are described.