d‐Amino acids in biological systems

Investigations on the occurrence and biochemical roles of free D‐amino acids and D‐amino acid‐containing peptides and proteins in living systems have increased in frequency and significance. Their occurrence and roles may vary substantially with progression from microbiotic to evermore advanced macr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chirality (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2023-09, Vol.35 (9), p.508-534
Main Authors: Du, Siqi, Wey, Michael, Armstrong, Daniel W.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino acid oxidase
Amino Acids
Animals
biomarkers
disease
epimerase
Humans
Peptides
Proteins
racemase
Stereoisomerism
Vertebrates
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Summary:Investigations on the occurrence and biochemical roles of free D‐amino acids and D‐amino acid‐containing peptides and proteins in living systems have increased in frequency and significance. Their occurrence and roles may vary substantially with progression from microbiotic to evermore advanced macrobiotic systems. We now understand many of the biosynthetic and regulatory pathways, which are outlined herein. Important uses for D‐amino acids in plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates are reviewed. Given its importance, a separate section on the occurrence and role of D‐amino acids in human disease is presented. Once thought to be biologically superfluous, D‐amino acids have now been found to play important roles in disease, signaling, bioregulation, and many other areas.
ISSN:0899-0042
1520-636X
DOI:10.1002/chir.23562