IM3 and IM5 phase characterization and analysis based on a simplified Newton approach

A simplified Newton method is developed to deduce closed-form expressions for two-tone third- and fifth-order intermodulation magnitude and phase predictions in nonlinear microwave circuits, taking advantage of the attractive convergence properties of Newton-based algorithms. The new approach has pr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques 2006-01, Vol.54 (1), p.321-328
Main Authors: Crespo-Cadenas, C., Reina-Tosina, J., Madero-Ayora, M.J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amplifier distortion
Amplifiers
Applied sciences
Baseband
Circuit properties
Closed-form solution
Convergence
Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits
electrical memory effects
Electronic circuits
Electronics
Exact sciences and technology
HEMTs
Impedance
intermodulation (IM) products
Microwave circuits
Microwave circuits, microwave integrated circuits, microwave transmission lines, submillimeter wave circuits
Microwave theory and techniques
MODFETs
Newton method
phase asymmetries
Phase measurement
simplified Newton (SN) approach
two-tone test setup
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Summary:A simplified Newton method is developed to deduce closed-form expressions for two-tone third- and fifth-order intermodulation magnitude and phase predictions in nonlinear microwave circuits, taking advantage of the attractive convergence properties of Newton-based algorithms. The new approach has provided theoretical data for comparison with experimental results acquired with an automated setup for the characterization of phase asymmetries in two-tone measurements. The empirical method generates the tones in a coherent form and supports the evaluation of effects dependent on baseband impedance and tone separation. A high electron-mobility transistor amplifier under two-tone excitation has been widely characterized using the experimental setup, and measurements have been compared with simulated data showing a good agreement. The theoretical method is empowered with its capability to predict fifth-order effects in a form simpler than the conventional Volterra-series approach
ISSN:0018-9480
1557-9670
DOI:10.1109/TMTT.2005.861659