An algorithm for quantitatively estimating occupational endotoxin exposure in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture (BEEA) study: I. Development of task‐specific exposure levels from published data

• Published in: American journal of industrial medicine 2023-07, Vol.66 (7), p.561-572
• Main Authors: Friesen, Melissa C., Xie, Shuai, Sauvé, Jean‐François, Viet, Susan Marie, Josse, Pabitra R., Locke, Sarah J., Hung, Felicia, Andreotti, Gabriella, Thorne, Peter S., Hofmann, Jonathan N., Beane Freeman, Laura E.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agriculture; Air Pollutants, Occupational - analysis; Algorithms; Animals; bioaerosol exposures; Biomarkers; Dust - analysis; endotoxin exposure; Endotoxins; Endotoxins - analysis; Environmental Monitoring; Exposure; exposure assessment; Farmers; farming activities; Grain; Grain storage; Harvesting; Hauling; Humans; Inhalation Exposure - analysis; Occupational exposure; Occupational Exposure - analysis; occupational questionnaires; Questionnaires; Regression analysis; Regression models; Statistics; Swine; Veterinary medicine
• ISSN: 0271-3586; 1097-0274
• DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23486

Background/Objective Farmers conduct numerous tasks with potential for endotoxin exposure. As a first step to characterize endotoxin exposure for farmers in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture (BEEA) Study, we used published data to estimate task‐specific endotoxin concentrations. Methods We extracted published data on task‐specific, personal, inhalable endotoxin concentrations for agricultural tasks queried in the study questionnaire. The data, usually ed as summary measures, were evaluated using meta‐regression models that weighted each geometric mean (GM, natural‐log transformed) by the inverse of its within‐study variance to obtain task‐specific predicted GMs. Results We extracted 90 endotoxin summary statistics from 26 studies for 9 animal‐related tasks, 30 summary statistics from 6 studies for 3 crop‐related tasks, and 10 summary statistics from 5 studies for 4 stored grain‐related tasks. Work in poultry and swine confinement facilities, grinding feed, veterinarian services, and cleaning grain bins had predicted GMs > 1000 EU/m3. In contrast, harvesting or hauling grain and other crop‐related tasks had predicted GMs below 100 EU/m3. Significance These task‐specific endotoxin GMs demonstrated exposure variability across common agricultural tasks. These estimates will be used in conjunction with questionnaire responses on task duration to quantitatively estimate endotoxin exposure for study participants, described in a companion paper.