Dietary Approaches to the Management Of type 2 Diabetes (DIAMOND) in primary care: A protocol for a cluster randomised trial

• Published in: Contemporary clinical trials 2023-06, Vol.129, p.107199-107199, Article 107199
• Main Authors: Scragg, Jadine, Morris, Elizabeth, Wane, Sarah, Noreik, Michaela, Jerome, Derek, Yu, Ly-Mee, Galal, Ushma, Dyson, Pamela, Tan, Garry D., Fox, Robin, Breeze, Penny, Thomas, Chloe, Jebb, Susan A., Aveyard, Paul
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Behavioural Intervention; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - therapy; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Dietary intervention; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Obesity; Primary care; Primary Health Care; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; State Medicine; Type 2 diabetes
• ISSN: 1551-7144; 1559-2030
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107199

There is strong evidence that type 2 diabetes (T2D) remission can be achieved by adopting a low-energy diet achieved through total dietary replacement products. There is promising evidence that low-carbohydrate diets can achieve remission of T2D. The Dietary Approaches to the Management of type 2 Diabetes (DIAMOND) programme combines both approaches in a behaviourally informed low-energy, low-carbohydrate diet for people with T2D, delivered by nurses in primary care. This trial compares the effectiveness of the DIAMOND programme to usual care in inducing remission of T2D and in reducing risk of cardiovascular disease. We aim to recruit 508 people in 56 practices with T2D diagnosed within 6 years, who are demographically representative of the UK population. We will allocate general practices, based on ethnicity and socioeconomic status, to provide usual care for diabetes or offer the DIAMOND programme. Participants in practices offering DIAMOND will see the nurse seven times over 6 months. At baseline, 6 months, and 1 year we will measure weight, blood pressure, HbA1c, lipid profile and risk of fatty liver disease. The primary outcome is diabetes remission at 1 year, defined as HbA1c