Examination of PTSD Symptom Networks Over the Course of Cognitive Processing Therapy

• Published in: Psychological trauma 2024-09, Vol.16 (6), p.1019-1032
• Main Authors: Graziano, Robert C., LoSavio, Stefanie T., White, Mark A., Beckham, Jean C., Dillon, Kirsten H.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy - methods; Cognitive Processing Therapy; Emotions; Female; Human; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - psychology; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - therapy; Symptoms; Trauma; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1942-9681; 1942-969X; 1942-969X
• DOI: 10.1037/tra0001464

Objectives: Cognitive processing therapy (CPT) is an evidence-based psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, little is known about how interrelationships between PTSD symptoms change over the course of treatment. The current study examined baseline, midtreatment, and posttreatment PTSD symptom networks during CPT for PTSD. Method: Adults with PTSD (n = 107) received 12 sessions of CPT as part of a randomized trial. Self-reported PTSD symptoms were assessed at pretreatment, midtreatment, and posttreatment, and network analysis was used to examine the interrelationships between symptoms at these three timepoints. Linear regression was conducted to examine whether any baseline symptoms or midpoint symptoms predicted overall treatment change. Results: In the baseline PTSD network, feelings of detachment and feeling upset at reminders of the trauma were central to the symptom network. These symptoms were no longer central at midtreatment, possibly suggesting that CPT quickly reduces the importance of these symptoms. These findings were consistent with regression results that, after accounting for multiple comparisons, high baseline scores of feeling upset at trauma reminders predicted later treatment change. At the conclusion of treatment, strong negative emotions were the most central symptom and may be most important in maintaining or lowering other PTSD symptoms at the conclusion of treatment. Conclusions: Though replication is necessary, these findings offer insights into identifying which symptoms may be most predictive of treatment outcomes and the course by which CPT reduces PTSD symptoms. Clinical Impact Statement This study examined how the relationships between symptoms of PTSD change over the course of CPT. Before treatment, detachment and feeling upset from reminders of the trauma were found to be important in maintaining the other PTSD symptoms, but over the course of treatment this did not persist. In fact, individuals with high levels of feeling upset from reminders of the trauma, experienced the greatest reductions in PTSD symptoms.