A Novel Anderson-Type POMs-Based Hybrids Flame Retardant for Reducing Smoke Release and Toxicity of Epoxy Resins

Smoke emission and smoke toxicity have drawn more attention to improving the fire safety of polymers. In this work, a polyoxometalates (POMs)-based hybrids flame retardant (P-AlMo ) epoxy resin (EP) is prepared with toxicity-reduction and smoke-suppression properties via a peptide coupling reaction...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Macromolecular rapid communications. 2023-09, Vol.44 (17), p.e2300162-e2300162
Main Authors: Xu, Hui, Peng, Chaohua, Xia, Long, Miao, Zhongxi, He, Siyuan, Chi, Cheng, Luo, Weiang, Chen, Guorong, Zeng, Birong, Wang, Shuchuan, Dai, Lizong
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aluminum oxide
Biocompatibility
Carbon dioxide
Chemical reactions
Coupling (molecular)
Enthalpy
Epoxy resins
Fire protection
Fire safety
Flame retardants
Glass transition temperature
Heat transfer
Hybrids
Metal oxides
Modulus of rupture in bending
Organic chemistry
Photoelectron spectroscopy
Photoelectrons
Polymers
Polyoxometallates
Smoke
Toxicity
Transition temperatures
Vapor phases
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Summary:Smoke emission and smoke toxicity have drawn more attention to improving the fire safety of polymers. In this work, a polyoxometalates (POMs)-based hybrids flame retardant (P-AlMo ) epoxy resin (EP) is prepared with toxicity-reduction and smoke-suppression properties via a peptide coupling reaction between POMs and organic molecules with double DOPO (bisDOPA). It combines the good compatibility of the organic molecule and the superior catalytic performance of POMs. Compared to pure EP, the glass transition temperature and flexural modulus of EP composite with 5 wt.% P-AlMo (EP/P-AlMo -5) are raised by 12.3 °C and 57.75%, respectively. Notably, at low flame-retardant addition, the average CO to CO ratio (Av-COY/Av-CO Y) is reduced by 33.75%. Total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) are lowered by 44.4% and 53.7%, respectively. The Limited Oxygen Index (LOI) value achieved 31.7% and obtained UL-94 V-0 rating. SEM, Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and TG-FTIR are applied to analyze the flame-retardant mechanism in condensed and gas phase. Outstanding flame retardant, low smoke toxicity properties are attained due to the catalytic carbonization ability of metal oxides Al O and MoO produced from the breakdown of POMs. This work advances the development of POMs-based hybrids flame retardants with low smoke toxicity properties.
ISSN:1022-1336
1521-3927
DOI:10.1002/marc.202300162