IDO/Kynurenine; novel insight for treatment of inflammatory diseases

• Published in: Cytokine (Philadelphia, Pa.) Pa.), 2023-06, Vol.166, p.156206-156206, Article 156206
• Main Authors: Lashgari, Naser-Aldin, Roudsari, Nazanin Momeni, Shayan, Maryam, Niazi Shahraki, Faezeh, hosseini, Yasamin, Momtaz, Saeideh, Abdolghaffari, Amir Hossein
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; IDO/KYN pathway; Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO); Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase - metabolism; Inflammation; Inflammation, Cytokines; Inflammatory diseases; Kynurenine (KYN); Kynurenine - metabolism; Mammals - metabolism; Tryptophan - metabolism; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
• ISSN: 1043-4666; 1096-0023
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156206

•The IDO/kynurenine pathway is now established as a major regulator of the immune system function.•The IDO/kynurenine pathway is positioned to mediate the effects of systemic inflammation.•Ininflammatory diseases, IDO/KYN could be linked with other inflammatory pathway.•Modulation of the IDO/KYN pathway could be a novel option for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Inflammation and oxidative stress play pivotal roles in pathogenesis of many diseases including cancer, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, neurological diseases, and inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Inflammatory mediators such as interleukins (ILs), interferons (INF-s), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α are related to an extended chance of inflammatory diseases initiation or progression due to the over expression of the nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB), signal transducer of activators of transcription (STAT), nod‐like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP), toll-like receptors (TLR), mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. These pathways are completely interconnected. Theindoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) subset of the kynurenine (KYN) (IDO/KYN), is a metabolic inflammatory pathway involved in production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ). It has been shown that IDO/KYN actively participates in inflammatory processes and can increase the secretion of cytokines that provoke inflammatory diseases. Data were extracted from clinical and animal studies published in English between 1990-April 2022, which were collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane library. IDO/KYN is completely associated with inflammatory-related pathways, thus leading to the production of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and ultimately development and progression of various inflammatory disorders. Inhibition of the IDO/KYN pathway might be a novel therapeutic option for inflammatory diseases. Herein, we gathered data on probable interactions of the IDO/KYN pathway with induction of some inflammatory diseases.