Heavy metals in edible red soil of the rainbow island in the Persian gulf: Concentration and health risk assessment

Red soil of Hormuz Island has become a tourist attraction and it has various industrial applications. Despite the uncertainty of the health effects, geophagy is one of the common ways of people exposure to the red soil. This soil is widely used as a local spice and plays an important role in the foo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chemosphere (Oxford) 2023-08, Vol.331, p.138778-138778, Article 138778
Main Authors: Mosallaei, Shamim, Abbasi, Sajjad, Jalalian, Eshagh, Amiri, Hoda, Hoseini, Mohammad
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
China
Environmental Monitoring
Health risk assessment
Heavy metal
Hormuz island
Indian Ocean
Metals, Heavy - analysis
Red soil
Risk Assessment
Soil - chemistry
Soil Pollutants - analysis
Spice
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Summary:Red soil of Hormuz Island has become a tourist attraction and it has various industrial applications. Despite the uncertainty of the health effects, geophagy is one of the common ways of people exposure to the red soil. This soil is widely used as a local spice and plays an important role in the food culture of the region. This study aimed to quantify the level of selected heavy metals (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, Zn, Ag, Cd, Hg) in the red soil. The content of the metals was measured by ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry). Moreover, risk assessment via heavy metals was carried out by computing the values of Total Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Hazard Index (HI). The results of this study showed that Fe was the most abundant metal among all analyzed metals and the health risk associated with Fe was individually higher than other measured metals. Altough the value for total heavy metals toxicity assessment was found lower than 1 , due to increasing use of red soil as a spice among Hormuz island natives, establishing special industries in order to reducing the amount of heavy metals content in red soil is recommended. [Display omitted] •Red soil from Hormuz Island used as a spice.•Thirteen heavy metals were analyzed in treated and untreated red soil samples.•Fe is the most dominant heavy metal detected in red soil.•Exposed population probably is at high health risk due to the heavy metals.
ISSN:0045-6535
1879-1298
DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138778