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Fulvic acid enhanced peroxymonosulfate activation over Co–Fe binary metals for efficient degradation of emerging bisphenols
Bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) are emerging bisphenols, which have become the main substitutes for bisphenol A (BPA) in industrial production and are also considered as new environmental pollution challenges. Thus, the necessity for an effective approach to remove BPF and BPS is essential....
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Published in: | Environmental research 2023-08, Vol.231 (Pt 1), p.116041-116041, Article 116041 |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) are emerging bisphenols, which have become the main substitutes for bisphenol A (BPA) in industrial production and are also considered as new environmental pollution challenges. Thus, the necessity for an effective approach to remove BPF and BPS is essential. In this study, fulvic acid (FA) was used to modify Co–Fe binary metals (CFO) for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The characterization results demonstrated that CFO changed significantly in morphology after compounding with FA, with smaller particle size and 5.6 times larger specific surface area, greatly increasing the active sites of catalyst; Moreover, humic acid-like compounds increased the surface functional groups of CFO, especially phenolic hydroxyl, which could effectively prolong the PMS activation. The concentration of all reactive species, such as SO4•−, •OH, O2•−, and 1O2 increased in FA@CFO/PMS system. As a result, the degradation efficiency of CFO for both BPF and BPS was significantly improved after compounding FA, which also had a wide range of pH applications. The degradation pathways of both BPF and BPS were proposed based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis and the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our findings are expected to provide new strategies and methods for remediation of environmental pollution caused by emerging bisphenols.
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•Peroxymonosulfate activation over CFO was significantly improved after compounding FA.•BPS and BPF were completely degraded with 5 mg of FA@CFO/PMS within 1 min.•The hydroxyl groups of humic acid-like compounds played an important role.•Experiments and DFT calculations were combined to elucidate the degradation pathways. |
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ISSN: | 0013-9351 1096-0953 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116041 |