Maximizing the value of twin studies in health and behaviour

In the classical twin design, researchers compare trait resemblance in cohorts of identical and non-identical twins to understand how genetic and environmental factors correlate with resemblance in behaviour and other phenotypes. The twin design is also a valuable tool for studying causality, interg...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nature human behaviour 2023-06, Vol.7 (6), p.849-860
Main Authors: Hagenbeek, Fiona A., Hirzinger, Jana S., Breunig, Sophie, Bruins, Susanne, Kuznetsov, Dmitry V., Schut, Kirsten, Odintsova, Veronika V., Boomsma, Dorret I.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
4014/477/2811
631/208/1515
631/477/2811
Behavioral Sciences
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Causality
Environmental aspects
Experimental Psychology
Genetic susceptibility
Health behavior
Intergenerational transmission
Life Sciences
Mental disorders
Microeconomics
Neurosciences
Personality and Social Psychology
Phenotypes
Representativeness
Review Article
Twin studies
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Summary:In the classical twin design, researchers compare trait resemblance in cohorts of identical and non-identical twins to understand how genetic and environmental factors correlate with resemblance in behaviour and other phenotypes. The twin design is also a valuable tool for studying causality, intergenerational transmission, and gene–environment correlation and interaction. Here we review recent developments in twin studies, recent results from twin studies of new phenotypes and recent insights into twinning. We ask whether the results of existing twin studies are representative of the general population and of global diversity, and we conclude that stronger efforts to increase representativeness are needed. We provide an updated overview of twin concordance and discordance for major diseases and mental disorders, which conveys a crucial message: genetic influences are not as deterministic as many believe. This has important implications for public understanding of genetic risk prediction tools, as the accuracy of genetic predictions can never exceed identical twin concordance rates. The authors summarize the most recent developments in twin studies, recent results from twin studies of new phenotypes and new insights into twinning as a phenotype. They also provide an updated overview of twin concordance and discordance for major diseases and mental disorders.
ISSN:2397-3374
2397-3374
DOI:10.1038/s41562-023-01609-6