Assembling the Puzzle Pieces. Insights for in Vitro Bone Remodeling

As a highly dynamic organ, bone changes during throughout a person’s life. This process is referred to as ‘bone remodeling’ and it involves two stages – a well-balanced osteoclastic bone resorption and an osteoblastic bone formation. Under normal physiological conditions bone remodeling is highly re...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Stem cell reviews and reports 2023-08, Vol.19 (6), p.1635-1658
Main Authors: Krasnova, O., Neganova, I.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Bone diseases
Bone growth
Bone matrix
Bone remodeling
Bone resorption
Cell Biology
Homeostasis
Life Sciences
Mesenchymal stem cells
Metabolic disorders
Molecular modelling
Osteoblastogenesis
Osteoclastogenesis
Osteoclasts
Osteogenesis
Osteoporosis
Regenerative medicine
Regenerative Medicine/Tissue Engineering
Stem Cells
Therapeutic applications
Tissue engineering
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Summary:As a highly dynamic organ, bone changes during throughout a person’s life. This process is referred to as ‘bone remodeling’ and it involves two stages – a well-balanced osteoclastic bone resorption and an osteoblastic bone formation. Under normal physiological conditions bone remodeling is highly regulated that ensures tight coupling between bone formation and resorption, and its disruption results in a bone metabolic disorder, most commonly osteoporosis. Though osteoporosis is one of the most prevalent skeletal ailments that affect women and men aged over 40 of all races and ethnicities, currently there are few, if any safe and effective therapeutic interventions available. Developing state-of-the-art cellular systems for bone remodeling and osteoporosis can provide important insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in skeletal homeostasis and advise better therapies for patients. This review describes osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis as two vital processes for producing mature, active bone cells in the context of interactions between cells and the bone matrix. In addition, it considers current approaches in bone tissue engineering, pointing out cell sources, core factors and matrices used in scientific practice for modeling bone diseases and testing drugs. Finally, it focuses on the challenges that bone regenerative medicine is currently facing. Graphical Abstract
ISSN:2629-3269
2629-3277
DOI:10.1007/s12015-023-10558-6