Preschoolers search longer when there is more information to be gained

• Published in: Developmental science 2024-01, Vol.27 (1), p.e13411-n/a
• Main Authors: Ruggeri, Azzurra, Stanciu, Oana, Pelz, Madeline, Gopnik, Alison, Schulz, Eric
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: active learning; Algorithms; Ambiguity (Context); Artificial Intelligence; Child; Child Behavior; Children; developmental psychology; Exploratory Behavior; Humans; hypothesis testing; information gain; Information Seeking; Learning; Motivation; Persistence; Personality Traits; Preschool children; Reward; Rewards; Time on Task; Uncertainty; Young Children
• ISSN: 1363-755X; 1467-7687
• DOI: 10.1111/desc.13411

What drives children to explore and learn when external rewards are uncertain or absent? Across three studies, we tested whether information gain itself acts as an internal reward and suffices to motivate children's actions. We measured 24–56‐month‐olds' persistence in a game where they had to search for an object (animal or toy), which they never find, hidden behind a series of doors, manipulating the degree of uncertainty about which specific object was hidden. We found that children were more persistent in their search when there was higher uncertainty, and therefore, more information to be gained with each action, highlighting the importance of research on artificial intelligence to invest in curiosity‐driven algorithms. Research Highlights Across three studies, we tested whether information gain itself acts as an internal reward and suffices to motivate preschoolers' actions. We measured preschoolers' persistence when searching for an object behind a series of doors, manipulating the uncertainty about which specific object was hidden. We found that preschoolers were more persistent when there was higher uncertainty, and therefore, more information to be gained with each action. Our results highlight the importance of research on artificial intelligence to invest in curiosity‐driven algorithms.