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Pioneering in vitro characterization of macrophage response induced by scorpion venoms from the Brazilian Amazon
There are several scorpion species of medical relevance around the world. Some of them are well characterized by their toxins and clinical outcomes. Brazilian Amazon has a great amount of these arthropods that have an impact in the scorpionism events specifically in this region of Brazil. Recently,...
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Published in: | Toxicon (Oxford) 2023-07, Vol.230, p.107171-107171, Article 107171 |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | There are several scorpion species of medical relevance around the world. Some of them are well characterized by their toxins and clinical outcomes. Brazilian Amazon has a great amount of these arthropods that have an impact in the scorpionism events specifically in this region of Brazil. Recently, several studies pointed out the immune system activation during scorpion envenouming as an important facet of scorpionism, inducing a sepsis-like state that culminates in clinical severity and death. In this work, we characterized the macrophage response of three species of clinical relevance in Brazilian Amazon: Tityus silvestris, T. metuendus and T. obscurus and one specie with no toxic effects to humans, Brotheas amazonicus. All the four species analyzed were able to induce pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production in a J774.1 murine macrophage model. This activation was dependent on TLR2/TLR4/MyD88 activation and abolished by TLRs antagonists. These results suggest that the venoms of the four species analyzed were able to induce macrophage response in agreement to the well-established immune activation by T. serrulatus venom. Our findings provide new insights into the clinical repercussions of scorpionism of uncharacterized species and point to new biotechnological applications of these venoms and possible supportive therapies in scorpionism.
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•Scorpion Venoms from the Brazilian Amazon induce inflammatory macrophage response.•Scorpion venoms-stimulated macrophages release pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines.•TLR2/TLR4 recognize scorpion venoms from the Brazilian Amazon and their antagonism abolish cytokine production.•The axis TLR-MyD88 is evolved in macrophage activation induced by scorpion venoms from the Brazilian Amazon. |
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ISSN: | 0041-0101 1879-3150 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107171 |