Precision Delivery of Dual Immune Inhibitors Loaded Nanomodulator to Reverse Immune Suppression for Combinational Photothermal‐Immunotherapy

• Published in: Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) Germany), 2023-05, Vol.19 (21), p.e2206441-n/a
• Main Authors: Tian, Ying, Younis, Muhammad Rizwan, Zhao, Yatong, Guo, Kai, Wu, Jiayingzi, Zhang, Longjiang, Huang, Peng, Wang, Zhongqiu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: B7-H1 Antigen; bimodal imaging; Biocompatibility; CD47 Antigen; Cell death; Cell Line, Tumor; Humans; immune memory activation; Immunology; Immunotherapy; Inhibitors; Lymphocytes; Macrophages; Magnetic resonance; mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Neoplasms - therapy; Phototherapy - methods; photothermal therapy; Solubility; Tumor Microenvironment; Tumors; Water
• ISSN: 1613-6810; 1613-6829
• DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206441

Although photothermal therapy (PTT) can noninvasively kill tumor cells and exert synergistic immunological effects, the immune responses are usually harmed due to the lack of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) pre‐infiltration and co‐existing of intricate immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), including the programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1)/cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47)/regulatory T cells (Tregs)/M2‐macrophages overexpression. Indoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenase inhibitor (NLG919) or bromodomain extra‐terminal inhibitor (OTX015) holds great promise to reprogram suppressive TME through different pathways, but their collaborative application remains a formidable challenge because of the poor water solubility and low tumor targeting. To address this challenge, a desirable nanomodulator based on dual immune inhibitors loaded mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles is designed. This nanomodulator exhibits excellent biocompatibility and water solubility, PTT, and bimodal magnetic resonance/photoacoustic imaging abilities. Owing to enhanced permeability and retention effect and tumor acidic pH‐responsiveness, both inhibitors are precisely delivered and locally released at tumor sites. Such a nanomodulator significantly reverses the immune suppression of PD‐L1/CD47/Tregs, promotes the activation of CTLs, regulates M2‐macrophages polarization, and further boosts combined therapeutic efficacy, inducing a strong immunological memory. Taken together, the nanomodulator provides a practical approach for combinational photothermal‐immunotherapy, which may be further broadened to other “immune cold” tumors. The co‐delivery of dual‐immune inhibitors, such as Indoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor (IDOi, NLG919) and bromodomain extra‐terminal inhibitor (OTX015) by mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles is developed for combinational photothermal‐immunotherapy through regulating abnormal enzymatic metabolism of IDO, blocking PD‐L1/PD‐1 and CD47/SIRPα to reverse immune suppressive tumor microenvironment, and preventing tumor growth and re‐challenge.