Challenging gestational trophoblastic disease cases and mimics: An exemplar for the management of rare tumours

• Published in: European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology 2023-07, Vol.286, p.76-84
• Main Authors: Hamid, M., Joyce, C.M., Carroll, H.K., Kenneally, C., Mulcahy, S., O'Neill, Mary-Kate, Coulter, J., O'Reilly, S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Case Report; Choriocarcinoma; Female; Gestational Trophoblastic Disease; Gestational Trophoblastic Disease - diagnosis; Gestational Trophoblastic Disease - therapy; Humans; Ireland; Molar Pregnancy; Neoplasms, Second Primary; Ovarian Dysgerminoma; Pregnancy; Prognosis; Rare Tumours; Uterine Neoplasms - diagnosis
• ISSN: 0301-2115; 1872-7654
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.05.016

•National Initiatives for Rare Tumours support the establishment of specialist units.•The complexities of rare tumour management demand mandatory registration.•International Networking and National Cancer Registries improve patient care.•Psychological distress and patient self-reliance impacts cancer survival. Rare tumour management is challenging for clinicians as evidence bases are limited and clinical trials are difficult to conduct. It is even more difficult for patients where self-reliance alone is insufficient to overcome the challenges of navigating care which is often poorly evidence based. In Ireland, a national Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD) service was established as one of 3 initiatives for rare tumours by the National Cancer Control Programme. The service has a national clinical lead, a dedicated supportive nursing service and a clinical biochemistry liaison team. This study sought to assess the impact of a GTD centre using national clinical guidelines and integrating and networking with European and International GTD groups on the clinical management of challenging GTD cases and to consider the application of this model of care to other rare tumour management. In this article, we analyse the impact of a national GTD service on five challenging cases, and review how the service affects patient management in this rare tumour type. These cases were selected from a cohort of patients who were voluntarily registered in the service based on the diagnostic management dilemma they posed. Case management was impacted by the identification of GTD mimics, the provision of lifesaving treatment of metastatic choriocarcinoma with brain metastasis, networking with international colleagues, the identification of early relapse, the use of genetics to differentiate treatment pathways and prognosis, and supportive supervision of treatment courses of up to 2 years of therapy in a cohort of patients starting or completing families. The National GTD service could be an exemplar for the management of rare tumours (such as cholangiocarcinoma) in our jurisdiction which could benefit from a similar constellation of supports. Our study demonstrates the importance of a nominated national clinical lead, dedicated nurse navigator support, registration of cases and networking. The impact of our service would be greater if registration was mandatory rather than voluntary. Such a measure would also ensure equity of access for patients to the service, assist in quant