Antischistosomal effects of green and chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles: In vitro and in vivo murine model

• Published in: Acta tropica 2023-08, Vol.244, p.106952-106952, Article 106952
• Main Authors: Hamdan, Zeyad K., Soliman, Mohammad I., Taha, Hoda A., Khalil, Mostafa M.H., Nigm, Ahmed H.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biogenic nanoparticles; Calotropis procera; Praziquantel; Scanning electron microscopy; Schistosoma mansoni
• ISSN: 0001-706X; 1873-6254
• DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106952

Antischistosomal effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was better by praziquantel.Hepatic granulomas were well treated by green AgNPs combined with praziquantel.Chemically prepared AgNPs plus praziquantel causes severe tegumental contractions.Isolated worms treated by green AgNPs showed tegument-attached nanoparticles.Green AgNPs were lethal to worms in a concentration of 100 µg/ml after 24 hr. Schistosomiasis is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases in Africa, caused by blood fluke, Schistosoma sp. The use of nanotechnology in the treatment of this type of disease is urgently important to avoid the unwanted side effects of chemotherapy. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of green silver nanoparticles (G-AgNPs), fabricated by (Calotropis procera), comparing with both chemically prepared silver ones (C-AgNPs) and Praziquantel (PZQ) treatments. The study included in vitro and in vivo evaluations. In in vitro study, 4 groups of schistosome worms were exposed to treatments as follows: the first one with a dose of PZQ (0.2 µg/ml), the 2nd and 3rd groups with different concentrations of G-AgNPs and C-AgNPs, respectively and the last one act as a negative control group. In in vivo study, six groups of mice were infected and then treated as follows: the first one with a dose of PZQ, the second with G-AgNPs, the third with C-AgNPs, the fourth with G-AgNPs plus a half dose of PZQ, the fifth with C-AgNPs accompanied by a half dose of PZQ, and the last group acted as a positive control group. The parasitological (worm burden, egg count & oogram) and histopathological parameters (hepatic granuloma profile) were used to evaluate antischistosomal activities in experimental groups. Additionally, the subsequent ultrastructural alterations were observed in adult worms using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that G-AgNPs and C-AgNPs have 8–25 and 8–11 nm in diameter, respectively, besides, fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) revealed the presence of organic compounds (aromatic ring groups) which act as capping agents around the surfaces of biogenic silver nanoparticles. In in vitro experiment, adult worms incubated either with G-AgNPs or C-AgNPs at concentrations higher than 100 µg/ml or 80 µg/ml, respectively, showed full mortality of parasites after 24 h. In the infected treated groups (with G-AgNPs plus PZQ & C-AgNPs plus PZQ) showed the most significant reduction in the total worm bu