Betanin improves motor function and alleviates experimental Parkinsonism via downregulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway: Molecular docking and biological investigations

• Published in: Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy 2023-08, Vol.164, p.114917-114917, Article 114917
• Main Authors: ElSayed, Mohamed H., Atif, Huda M., Eladl, Mohamed Ahmed, Elaidy, Samah M., Helaly, Ahmed M.N., Hisham, Fatma Azzahraa, Farag, Noha E., Osman, Noura M.S., Ibrahiem, Afaf T., Khella, Heba W.Z., Bilasy, Shymaa E., Albalawi, Marzough Aziz, Helal, Mohamed A., Alzlaiq, Wafa Ali, Zaitone, Sawsan A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Betacyanins - pharmacology; Betanin; Down-Regulation; Experimental Parkinsonism; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mice; Molecular docking; Molecular Docking Simulation; Mouse; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 - metabolism; NF-kappa B - metabolism; Parkinson Disease - drug therapy; Parkinson Disease - metabolism; Parkinsonian Disorders - chemically induced; Parkinsonian Disorders - drug therapy; Parkinsonian Disorders - metabolism; Rotenone - adverse effects; TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway; Toll-Like Receptor 4 - metabolism
• ISSN: 0753-3322; 1950-6007
• DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114917

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neuroinflammatory and degenerative disease. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective action of betanin in the rotenone-induced Parkinson-like mice model. Twenty-eight adult male Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups: Vehicle, Rotenone, Rotenone + Betanin 50 mg/kg, and Rotenone + Betanin 100 mg/kg. Parkinsonism was induced by subcutaneous injection of 9 doses of rotenone (1 mg/kg/48 h) plus betanin at 50 and 100 mg/kg/48 h in rotenone + betanin groups for twenty days. Motor dysfunction was assessed after the end of the therapeutic period using the pole, rotarod, open-field, grid, and cylinder tests. Malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione (GSH), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response-88 (MyD88), nuclear factor kappa- B (NF-κB), neuronal degeneration in the striatum were evaluated. In addition, we assessed the immunohistochemical densities of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in Str and in substantia nigra compacta (SNpc). Our results showed that rotenone remarkably decreased (results of tests), increased decreased TH density with a significant increase in MDA, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, and a decrease in GSH (p