COVID‐19 associated oral and oropharyngeal microbiome: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

Three years into the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, there are still growing concerns with the emergence of different variants, unknown long‐ and short‐term effects of the virus, and potential biological mechanisms underlying etiopathogenesis and increased risk for morbidity and mortal...

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Published in:Periodontology 2000 2024-02, Vol.94 (1), p.603-626
Main Authors: Ganesan, Sukirth M., Peter, Tabitha K., Withanage, Miyuraj H. H., Boksa, Frank, Zeng, Erliang, Martinez, April, Dabdoub, Shareef M., Dhingra, Kunaal, Hernandez‐Kapila, Yvonne
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
COVID-19 - microbiology
COVID‐19
Dysbiosis - microbiology
Humans
meta‐analysis
Microbiota
Mouth - microbiology
Mouth - virology
oral microbiome
Oropharynx - microbiology
Oropharynx - virology
Saliva - microbiology
Saliva - virology
SARS-CoV-2
systematic review
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Summary:Three years into the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, there are still growing concerns with the emergence of different variants, unknown long‐ and short‐term effects of the virus, and potential biological mechanisms underlying etiopathogenesis and increased risk for morbidity and mortality. The role of the microbiome in human physiology and the initiation and progression of several oral and systemic diseases have been actively studied in the past decade. With the proof of viral transmission, carriage, and a potential role in etiopathogenesis, saliva and the oral environment have been a focus of COVID‐19 research beyond diagnostic purposes. The oral environment hosts diverse microbial communities and contributes to human oral and systemic health. Several investigations have identified disruptions in the oral microbiome in COVID‐19 patients. However, all these studies are cross‐sectional in nature and present heterogeneity in study design, techniques, and analysis. Therefore, in this undertaking, we (a) systematically reviewed the current literature associating COVID‐19 with changes in the microbiome; (b) performed a re‐analysis of publicly available data as a means to standardize the analysis, and (c) reported alterations in the microbial characteristics in COVID‐19 patients compared to negative controls. Overall, we identified that COVID‐19 is associated with oral microbial dysbiosis with significant reduction in diversity. However, alterations in specific bacterial members differed across the study. Re‐analysis from our pipeline shed light on Neisseria as the potential key microbial member associated with COVID‐19.
ISSN:0906-6713
1600-0757
1600-0757
DOI:10.1111/prd.12489