Physiological and environmental factors affecting cancer risk and prognosis in obesity

Obesity results from a chronic excessive accumulation of adipose tissue due to a long-term imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Available epidemiological and clinical data strongly support the links between obesity and certain cancers. Emerging clinical and experimental findings have imp...

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Published in:Seminars in cancer biology 2023-09, Vol.94, p.50-61
Main Authors: Seke Etet, Paul F., Vecchio, Lorella, Nwabo Kamdje, Armel H., Mimche, Patrice N., Njamnshi, Alfred K., Adem, Abdu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cancer
Carcinogenesis
Diet
Exercise
Female
Humans
Mechanisms
Neoplasms - epidemiology
Neoplasms - etiology
Obesity
Obesity - complications
Obesity - metabolism
Prognosis
Risk Factors
Signalling pathways
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Summary:Obesity results from a chronic excessive accumulation of adipose tissue due to a long-term imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Available epidemiological and clinical data strongly support the links between obesity and certain cancers. Emerging clinical and experimental findings have improved our understanding of the roles of key players in obesity-associated carcinogenesis such as age, sex (menopause), genetic and epigenetic factors, gut microbiota and metabolic factors, body shape trajectory over life, dietary habits, and general lifestyle. It is now widely accepted that the cancer-obesity relationship depends on the site of cancer, the systemic inflammatory status, and micro environmental parameters such as levels of inflammation and oxidative stress in transforming tissues. We hereby review recent advances in our understanding of cancer risk and prognosis in obesity with respect to these players. We highlight how the lack of their consideration contributed to the controversy over the link between obesity and cancer in early epidemiological studies. Finally, the lessons and challenges of interventions for weight loss and better cancer prognosis, and the mechanisms of weight gain in survivors are also discussed.
ISSN:1044-579X
1096-3650
DOI:10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.06.002