Effect of bromelain on periodontal destruction and alveolar bone in rats with experimental periodontitis

• Published in: International immunopharmacology 2023-08, Vol.121, p.110446-110446, Article 110446
• Main Authors: Paksoy, Tuğçe, Ustaoğlu, Gülbahar, Şehirli, Ahmet Özer, Ünsal, Revan Birke Koca, Sayıner, Serkan, Orhan, Kaan, Aycı, Nurdan Bülbül, Çetinel, Şule, Aksoy, Umut, Öğünç, Ayliz Velioğlu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alveolar bone loss; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - therapeutic use; Antioxidant; Antioxidants - therapeutic use; Bone and Bones - pathology; Bromelain; Bromelains - therapeutic use; Glutathione Peroxidase; Interleukin-6 - therapeutic use; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; Periodontal diseases; Periodontitis - drug therapy; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; X-Ray Microtomography
• ISSN: 1567-5769; 1878-1705
• DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110446

•Bromelain decreased the bone loss in Micro-BT analysis.•Bromelain inhibited periodontal and alveolar tissue destruction.•TNF-α, IL-6, and M-CSF levels decreased with Bromelain in experimental periodontitis models.•MMP-8 and RANKL values were decreased and OPG was increased by Bromelain.•Bromelain regulated oxidative stress by decreasing MDA and increasing GPx, and SOD. Several substances that have anti-inflammatory, antiproteinase, and anti-infective properties have been evaluated as modulators of the inflammatory response in periodontal disease. However, evidence for the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities of bromelain is limited. This study evaluated the impact of systemically administered bromelain on the progression of experimental periodontitis. Four equal groups of 32 Wistar albino rats were created as follows (n = 8): control, periodontitis + saline, periodontitis + 5 mg/kg/day bromelain, and periodontitis + 10 mg/kg/day bromelain. To quantify the resorption of bone and bone volume/tissue volume, bone surface / bone volume, and connectivity, lower jawbones were fixed and then scanned using microcomputed tomography (micro CT). Blood samples were taken to measure the macrophage colony-stimulating factor(M-CSF) concentrations, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), interleukin-6(IL-6), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Histopathological assessments were made to examine the tissue. Treatment with bromelain improved the healing of the periodontium by decreasing the number of leukocytes and ligament deterioration in the gingival connective tissue and by supporting reintegration with alveolar bone. Bromelain used in ligature-induced periodontitis reduced alveolar bone (AB) resorption as measured by microCT; reduced inflammatory parameters such as IL-6 and TNF-α; regulated oxidative-antioxidative processes by increasing GPx and SOD and reducing MDA levels; and regulated AB modeling by decreasing M-CSF, RANKL, and MMP-8 and increasing OPG levels. Bromelain may be an option in periodontal therapy by regulating cytokine levels, improving the healing process, and reducing bone resorption and oxidative stress.