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Validation of the Patient Health Questionnaire‐4 for longitudinal mental health evaluation in elite Para athletes
Background Despite the increasing amount of research regarding mental health in elite athletes in recent years, athletes with impairments are hardly represented. Due to this lack of data and the significant need of athlete‐specific mental health screening tools, a continuous mental health monitoring...
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Published in: | PM & R 2024-02, Vol.16 (2), p.141-149 |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Background
Despite the increasing amount of research regarding mental health in elite athletes in recent years, athletes with impairments are hardly represented. Due to this lack of data and the significant need of athlete‐specific mental health screening tools, a continuous mental health monitoring program for elite Para athletes was implemented.
Objective
Validation of the Patient Health Questionnaire‐4 (PHQ‐4) as a suitable tool for continuous mental health evaluation in elite Para athletes.
Design
A 43‐week prospective observational cohort study.
Setting
Online questionnaire, provided weekly via web browser and mobile app.
Participants
Seventy‐eight Para athletes preparing for Paralympic Summer and Winter Games.
Interventions
Not applicable.
Main Outcome Measures
Weekly PHQ‐4 scores, stress level, and mood.
Results
With a mean weekly response rate of 82.7% (SD = 8.0), 2149 PHQ‐4, 2159 stress level and 2153 mood assessments were completed. Mean PHQ‐4 score among all participating athletes was 1.2 (SD = 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], [1.1–1.3]). Individual weekly scores ranged from 0 to 12 and showed significant floor effects, with 54% of the scores being zero. PHQ‐4 scores were significantly higher among female athletes and team sport members (p |
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ISSN: | 1934-1482 1934-1563 |
DOI: | 10.1002/pmrj.13011 |