Anticancer effects of phytol against Sarcoma (S-180) and Human Leukemic (HL-60) cancer cells

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international 2023-07, Vol.30 (33), p.80996-81007
• Main Authors: de Alencar, Marcus Vinícius Oliveira Barros, Islam, Muhammad Torequl, da Mata, Ana Maria Oliveira Ferreira, dos Reis, Antonielly Campinho, de Lima, Rosália Maria Torres, de Oliveira Ferreira, José Roberto, de Castro e Sousa, João Marcelo, Ferreira, Paulo Michel Pinheiro, de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante, Ana Amélia, Rauf, Abdur, Hemeg, Hassan A., Alsharif, Khalaf F., Khan, Haroon
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Abnormalities; Animals; Anticancer properties; Apoptosis; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Bioassays; Cancer; Cell viability; Comet assay; Cytokinesis; Diterpenes; diterpenoids; Doxorubicin; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; HL-60 Cells; Humans; Hydrogen peroxide; Leukemia; Micronuclei; Micronucleus Tests; mutagens; Necrosis; neoplasm cells; Phytol; Phytol - pharmacology; Research Article; Sarcoma; Sarcoma 180; Tumor cell lines; viability assays; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control
• ISSN: 1614-7499; 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28036-4

Phytol (Pyt), a diterpenoid, possesses many important bioactivities. This study evaluates the anticancer effects of Pyt on sarcoma 180 (S-180) and human leukemia (HL-60) cell lines. For this purpose, cells were treated with Pyt (4.72, 7.08, or 14.16 μM) and a cell viability assay was performed. Additionally, the alkaline comet assay and micronucleus test with cytokinesis were also performed using doxorubicin (6 μM) and hydrogen peroxide (10 mM) as positive controls and stressors, respectively. Results revealed that Pyt significantly reduced the viability and rate of division in S-180 and HL-60 cells with IC 50 values of 18.98 ± 3.79 and 1.17 ± 0.34 μM, respectively. Pyt at 14.16 μM exerted aneugenic and/or clastogenic effects in S-180 and HL-60 cells, where the number of micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities (e.g., nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds) were frequently observed. Moreover, Pyt at all concentrations induced apoptosis and showed necrosis at 14.16 μM, suggesting its anticancer effects on the tested cancer cell lines. Taken together, Pyt showed promising anticancer effects, possibly through inducing apoptosis and necrosis mechanisms, and it exerted aneugenic and/or clastogenic effects on the S-180 and HL-60 cell lines.