Distortion of millimeter-wave absorption in biological media due to presence of thermocouples and other objects

Specific absorption rate (SAR) distributions in the vicinity of a thermocouple or air bubble in water and in the presence of hair or sweat duct in skin were calculated using analytical and two-dimensional impedance methods. The objects were exposed to uniform 42.25 GHz plane electromagnetic fields....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on biomedical engineering 2001-09, Vol.48 (9), p.1013-1019
Main Authors: Alekseev, S.I., Ziskin, M.C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Absorption
Biomedical measurements
Distortion measurement
Ducts
Electric Impedance
Electromagnetic Fields
Electromagnetic wave absorption
Electromagnetic waveguides
Hair
Hair - radiation effects
Humans
Mathematics
Millimeter wave technology
Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
Skin
Skin - radiation effects
Skin Temperature - radiation effects
Specific absorption rate
Sweat Glands - radiation effects
Thermography - instrumentation
Water
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Summary:Specific absorption rate (SAR) distributions in the vicinity of a thermocouple or air bubble in water and in the presence of hair or sweat duct in skin were calculated using analytical and two-dimensional impedance methods. The objects were exposed to uniform 42.25 GHz plane electromagnetic fields. Insertion of a 0.1-mm thermocouple or similarly sized air bubble into water produced a strong localized disturbance of the otherwise uniform SAR distribution. However, the average of SAR values immediately surrounding the thermocouple was close to the undisturbed uniform average SAR. This allows measuring the average SAR during exposure of both unbounded and bounded media using calibrated small thermocouples (up to 0.1 mm). The SAR distribution in the vicinity of a hair was qualitatively similar to that produced by an air bubble. The maximal value of SAR was more than 3 times higher than the overall average SAR value in the skin. Sweat ducts produced a smaller disturbance of the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) field.
ISSN:0018-9294
1558-2531
DOI:10.1109/10.942591