The reverse LICAP flap: A laterally based submammary perforator flap for breast reconstruction

• Published in: Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery reconstructive & aesthetic surgery, 2023-09, Vol.84, p.157-164
• Main Authors: Spinelli, Esteban, Angrigiani, Claudio, Rancati, Alberto, Dorr, Julio, Rancati, Agustin, Nahabedian, Maurice Y.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Breast reconstruction; LICAP flap; Perforator flap; Reverse LICAP flap
• ISSN: 1748-6815; 1878-0539
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2023.05.042

The traditional donor sites for autologous breast reconstruction include the abdomen, thigh, buttock, and posterior thorax. Herein, we describe the use of the reverse lateral intercostal perforator (LICAP) flap originating from the submammary region as an option for breast reconstruction. Fifteen patients (30 breasts) were included in this retrospective review. The procedure was performed for immediate reconstruction following a nipple sparing mastectomy utilizing an inframammary incision or an inverted T pattern with preservation of the fifth anterior intercostal perforator (n = 8), volume replacement after implant explantation (n = 5), and partial lower pole resurfacing with exteriorization of a portion of the LICAP skin paddle (n = 2). Flap survival was achieved in all patients. Three flaps (10%) had 1–2 cm of intraoperative distal tip ischemia, which was managed by excision prior to inset and closure. At the 12-month postoperative follow-up, stable results with good nipple position, breast shape, and projection were achieved in all patients. The reverse LICAP flap is a safe, effective, and reliable option for breast reconstruction following mastectomy.