Visible light induced degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid using iodine deficient bismuth oxyiodide photocatalyst

• Published in: Journal of hazardous materials 2023-09, Vol.458, p.131897-131897, Article 131897
• Main Authors: Guin, Jhimli Paul, Sullivan, James A., Muldoon, Jimmy, Thampi, K. Ravindranathan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bismuth oxyiodide; Iodine vacancies; Perfluorooctanoic acid; Persistent organic pollutants; Visible-light photocatalysis
• ISSN: 0304-3894; 1873-3336
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131897

A bismuth oxyiodide photocatalyst having coexistent iodine deficient phases viz. Bi4O5I2 and Bi5O7I was prepared by using a solvothermal method followed by calcination process. This has been used for the degradation of model perfluoroalkyl acids such as perfluorooctanoic acid at low concentrations (1 ppm) under simulated solar light irradiation. 94% PFOA degradation with a rate constant of 1.7 h−1 and 65% defluorination of PFOA have been achieved following 2 h of photocatalysis. The degradation of PFOA happened by the parallel direct redox reactions with high energy photoexcited electrons at the conduction band, electrons in iodine vacancies and superoxide radicals. The degradation intermediates were analyzed by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry in the negative mode. The catalyst was converted to a more iodine deficient Bi5O7I phase during photocatalysis following creation of iodine vacancies, some of which were compensated by the fluoride ions released from degraded PFOA. [Display omitted] •Coexisting iodine deficient BiOI-based visible light active photocatalysts were prepared.•The catalysts efficiently degraded 1 ppm PFOA following 2 h solar light irradiation.•Iodine vacancies promote generation of reactive species for PFOA degradation.•PFOA was degraded through several parallel redox and radical reaction routes.•A sustainable photocatalytic method of degrading “forever chemicals”.