Updating USDA’s flavonoid database to estimate intakes in What We Eat in America, NHANES 2017–2018

• Published in: Journal of food composition and analysis 2023-07, Vol.120, p.105323, Article 105323
• Main Authors: Sebastian, Rhonda S., Martin, Carrie L., Goldman, Joseph D., Moshfegh, Alanna J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: class; Flavonoid composition database; Flavonoid intake; Flavonoid Values for USDA Survey Foods and Beverages; Flavonoid-dietary quality associations; flavonoids; Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies; food composition; food quality; Healthy Eating Index; ingredients; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Surveys Research Group; USDA; What We Eat in America, NHANES
• ISSN: 0889-1575; 1096-0481
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105323

The Database of Flavonoid Values for USDA Food Codes (Flavonoid Database) 2007–2010, which corresponds to the What We Eat in America (WWEIA), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2010 dietary data, was released by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 2016. However, recent survey cycles include foods with ingredients that lack flavonoid profiles. This study describes how the Flavonoid Database was updated to correspond to the WWEIA, NHANES 2017–2018. Flavonoid intake estimates of the U.S. population and an example application of the revised database, assessing the association between flavonoid intake and diet quality, are also presented. For the 543 ingredients with missing flavonoid profiles, values were assigned by assuming zero flavonoid content (n = 297), substituting with the flavonoid content of an ingredient(s) with known values (n = 224), and applying analytic data from other sources (n = 22). Mean intake of total flavonoids among individuals 2 + years in 2017–2018 was 185 mg/d. Among adults 20 + years, intake of total flavonoids and every flavonoid class was positively associated with diet quality (p