Cognitive stimulation and psychosocial results in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

• Published in: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics 2023-12, Vol.115, p.105114-105114, Article 105114
• Main Authors: Gómez-Soria, Isabel, Iguacel, Isabel, Cuenca-Zaldívar, Juan Nicolás, Aguilar-Latorre, Alejandra, Peralta-Marrupe, Patricia, Latorre, Eva, Calatayud, Estela
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Anxiety; Cognition; Cognition - physiology; Cognitive Dysfunction - therapy; Dementia; Depression; Healthy cognitive ageing; Humans; Mild cognitive impairment; Quality of Life
• ISSN: 0167-4943; 1872-6976
• DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105114

•Personalized/adapted cognitive stimulation improves quality of life in older adults.•Future studies are needed to study long-term effects of CS especially in healthy cognitive ageing.•It is advisable to study the use of only CS or CS and pharmacological treatment. Cognitive stimulation (CS) is a popular and cost-effective intervention, which applies different types of techniques focused on cognitive skills and can be administered by different professionals. CS can be defined as activities that involve cognitive processing usually conducted in a social context and often in a group. Therefore, CS can improve psychosocial functioning and quality of life (QoL), depression, anxiety and activities of daily living (ADLs) independent of the pharmacological treatment such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of CS on psychosocial outcomes in older adults (aged 65 years or over), with healthy cognitive ageing, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were examined from inception to October 2021. A total of 1,997 studies were initially identified in these databases. After discarding studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria, 30 studies were finally included in the systematic review and the meta-analysis performed with robust variance estimator (RVE) due the inclusion of studies with repeated measurements. The quality assessment tools from the National Institutes of Health were used to evaluate the quality of the studies. CS was significantly associated with a higher QoL in participants who received personalized/adapted CS (RVE = 0.11±0.19 [-0.76, 0.99], t(1.86) = 0.6, p = 0.61). . Personalized/adapted CS seems to improve QoL in older adults.