Limited Benefit of Postexposure Prophylaxis With VSV-EBOV in Ebola Virus–Infected Rhesus Macaques

Abstract Vesicular stomatitis virus–Ebola virus (VSV-EBOV) vaccine has been successfully used in ring vaccination approaches during EBOV disease outbreaks demonstrating its general benefit in short-term prophylactic vaccination, but actual proof of its benefit in true postexposure prophylaxis (PEP)...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of infectious diseases 2023-11, Vol.228 (Supplement_7), p.S721-S729
Main Authors: Bushmaker, Trenton, Feldmann, Friederike, Lovaglio, Jamie, Saturday, Greg, Griffin, Amanda J, O’Donnell, Kyle L, Strong, James E, Sprecher, Armand, Kobinger, Gary, Geisbert, Thomas W, Marzi, Andrea, Feldmann, Heinz
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Ebola Vaccines
Ebola virus
Ebolavirus
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola
Humans
Macaca mulatta
Prophylaxis
Stomatitis
Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus
Vesiculovirus
Viruses
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Summary:Abstract Vesicular stomatitis virus–Ebola virus (VSV-EBOV) vaccine has been successfully used in ring vaccination approaches during EBOV disease outbreaks demonstrating its general benefit in short-term prophylactic vaccination, but actual proof of its benefit in true postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) for humans is missing. Animal studies have indicated PEP efficacy when VSV-EBOV was used within hours of lethal EBOV challenge. Here, we used a lower EBOV challenge dose and a combined intravenous and intramuscular VSV-EBOV administration to improve PEP efficacy in the rhesus macaque model. VSV-EBOV treatment 1 hour after EBOV challenge resulted in delayed disease progression but little benefit in outcome. Thus, we could not confirm previous results indicating questionable benefit of VSV-EBOV for EBOV PEP in a nonhuman primate model.
ISSN:0022-1899
1537-6613
DOI:10.1093/infdis/jiad280