Divergences in sex ratio at birth in US Census Regions due to racial factors: chronic stress and female foeticide

The sex ratio of live births (males/total [M/T]) approximates 0.515. Many factors reduce M/T, and these include stress. Antenatal sexing is used for female foeticide in the setting of male offspring preference. Regional differences and latitude gradients in M/T also occur. This study analysed M/T in...

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Published in:Public health (London) 2023-08, Vol.221, p.170-174
Main Author: Grech, V.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
African Americans
Asian
Asian Americans
Birth rate/∗trends
Black or African American
Censuses
Female
Humans
Indians, North American
Infant, Newborn
Male
Maternal age
Pregnancy
Race Factors
Sex Ratio
United States
United States - epidemiology
United States/ethnology
Whites
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description The sex ratio of live births (males/total [M/T]) approximates 0.515. Many factors reduce M/T, and these include stress. Antenatal sexing is used for female foeticide in the setting of male offspring preference. Regional differences and latitude gradients in M/T also occur. This study analysed M/T in the US by Census Regions. This was an ecological study. Live births by sex, Census region, state and mother's race were obtained from CDC Wonder (2007–2020). There were 55,453,437 births (M/T 0.5116, 95% confidence interval: 0.5115–0.5118). M/T was Black/African American 
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.06.025
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Many factors reduce M/T, and these include stress. Antenatal sexing is used for female foeticide in the setting of male offspring preference. Regional differences and latitude gradients in M/T also occur. This study analysed M/T in the US by Census Regions. This was an ecological study. Live births by sex, Census region, state and mother's race were obtained from CDC Wonder (2007–2020). There were 55,453,437 births (M/T 0.5116, 95% confidence interval: 0.5115–0.5118). M/T was Black/African American &lt; Indian/Alaska Native American &lt; White &lt; Asian (P&lt;&lt;0.0001). M/T was significantly lowest in South and highest in West. The South had the lowest proportion of Asian/Pacific Islander births (3.9%) and the highest proportion of Black/African American (21.9%). West has the highest proportion of Asian/Pacific Islander (11.2%) and the lowest proportion of Black/African American births (5.3%). In Asian/Pacific Islander births, M/T significantly rose to third order and fell to sixth order births, unlike the other races that showed a decline from the first order. Asian M/T may be elevated because of male offspring preference and selective female foeticide. M/T may be depressed in Black and American Indian/Alaskan births due to chronic stress, as race remains the most important factor associated with wealth inequality in the United States. The lower M/T of these two races when compared with White equates to a constant loss of 4.13 and 2.55/1000 male births. The higher Asian M implies a chronic loss of 3.78 females per 1000 births. Both have public health implications. 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Antenatal sexing is used for female foeticide in the setting of male offspring preference. Regional differences and latitude gradients in M/T also occur. This study analysed M/T in the US by Census Regions. This was an ecological study. Live births by sex, Census region, state and mother's race were obtained from CDC Wonder (2007–2020). There were 55,453,437 births (M/T 0.5116, 95% confidence interval: 0.5115–0.5118). M/T was Black/African American &lt; Indian/Alaska Native American &lt; White &lt; Asian (P&lt;&lt;0.0001). M/T was significantly lowest in South and highest in West. The South had the lowest proportion of Asian/Pacific Islander births (3.9%) and the highest proportion of Black/African American (21.9%). West has the highest proportion of Asian/Pacific Islander (11.2%) and the lowest proportion of Black/African American births (5.3%). In Asian/Pacific Islander births, M/T significantly rose to third order and fell to sixth order births, unlike the other races that showed a decline from the first order. Asian M/T may be elevated because of male offspring preference and selective female foeticide. M/T may be depressed in Black and American Indian/Alaskan births due to chronic stress, as race remains the most important factor associated with wealth inequality in the United States. The lower M/T of these two races when compared with White equates to a constant loss of 4.13 and 2.55/1000 male births. The higher Asian M implies a chronic loss of 3.78 females per 1000 births. Both have public health implications. 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Many factors reduce M/T, and these include stress. Antenatal sexing is used for female foeticide in the setting of male offspring preference. Regional differences and latitude gradients in M/T also occur. This study analysed M/T in the US by Census Regions. This was an ecological study. Live births by sex, Census region, state and mother's race were obtained from CDC Wonder (2007–2020). There were 55,453,437 births (M/T 0.5116, 95% confidence interval: 0.5115–0.5118). M/T was Black/African American &lt; Indian/Alaska Native American &lt; White &lt; Asian (P&lt;&lt;0.0001). M/T was significantly lowest in South and highest in West. The South had the lowest proportion of Asian/Pacific Islander births (3.9%) and the highest proportion of Black/African American (21.9%). West has the highest proportion of Asian/Pacific Islander (11.2%) and the lowest proportion of Black/African American births (5.3%). In Asian/Pacific Islander births, M/T significantly rose to third order and fell to sixth order births, unlike the other races that showed a decline from the first order. Asian M/T may be elevated because of male offspring preference and selective female foeticide. M/T may be depressed in Black and American Indian/Alaskan births due to chronic stress, as race remains the most important factor associated with wealth inequality in the United States. The lower M/T of these two races when compared with White equates to a constant loss of 4.13 and 2.55/1000 male births. The higher Asian M implies a chronic loss of 3.78 females per 1000 births. Both have public health implications. [Display omitted]</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>37473648</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.puhe.2023.06.025</doi><tpages>5</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3373-0478</orcidid></addata></record>
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subjects African Americans
Asian
Asian Americans
Birth rate/∗trends
Black or African American
Censuses
Female
Humans
Indians, North American
Infant, Newborn
Male
Maternal age
Pregnancy
Race Factors
Sex Ratio
United States
United States - epidemiology
United States/ethnology
Whites
title Divergences in sex ratio at birth in US Census Regions due to racial factors: chronic stress and female foeticide
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