Measuring upper limb active joint position sense: Introducing a new clinical tool - The Upper Limb Proprioception Reaching Test

Proprioception is our sense of body awareness, including the sub-category of active joint position sense (AJPS). AJPS is fundamental to joint stability and movement coordination. Despite its importance, there remain few confident ways to measure upper limb AJPS in a clinic. To assess a new AJPS clin...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Musculoskeletal science & practice 2023-08, Vol.66, p.102829-102829, Article 102829
Main Authors: Ager, Amanda L., Roy, Jean-Sébastien, Hébert, Luc J., Roos, Marianne, Borms, Dorien, Cools, Ann M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Active joint position sense
Cross-Sectional Studies
Humans
Movement
Proprioception
Reliability
Reproducibility of Results
Upper Extremity
Upper limb
Validity
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Summary:Proprioception is our sense of body awareness, including the sub-category of active joint position sense (AJPS). AJPS is fundamental to joint stability and movement coordination. Despite its importance, there remain few confident ways to measure upper limb AJPS in a clinic. To assess a new AJPS clinical tool, the Upper Limb Proprioception Reaching Test (PRO-Reach; seven targets), for discriminant validity, intra-rater and absolute reliability. Cross-sectional measurement study. Seventy-five healthy participants took part in a single session with 2 consecutive evaluations (E1 and E2) (within-day reliability). Twenty participants were randomly selected to perform a dominant shoulder fatigue protocol (discriminant validity), whereafter a third evaluation was repeated (E3). The PRO-Reach was analyzed with paired t tests (discriminant validity), intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and minimal detectable change [MDC]) (intra-rater: within-day and between-trial relative and absolute reliability). The PRO-Reach supports moderate (mostly superior targets) to excellent (mostly inferior targets) reliability. Between-trial ICCs (T1/T2/T3) varied between 0.72 and 0.90, and within-day (E1/E2) ICCs between 0.45 and 0.72, with associated MDC95 values (3.9–5.0 cm). The overall scores (seven targets) supported the strongest within-day reliability (ICC = 0.77). The inferior targets demonstrated the highest between-trial and within-day reliability (ICCs = 0.90 and 0.72). A fatigue effect was found with the superior and superior-lateral targets (P 
ISSN:2468-7812
2468-7812
DOI:10.1016/j.msksp.2023.102829