Host and Pathogen-Directed Therapies against Microbial Infections Using Exosome- and Antimicrobial Peptide-derived Stem Cells with a Special look at Pulmonary Infections and Sepsis

Microbial diseases are a great threat to global health and cause considerable mortality and extensive economic losses each year. The medications for treating this group of diseases (antibiotics, antiviral, antifungal drugs, etc.) directly attack the pathogenic agents by recognizing the target molecu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Stem cell reviews and reports 2023-10, Vol.19 (7), p.2166-2191
Main Authors: Moosazadeh Moghaddam, Mehrdad, Fazel, Parvindokht, Fallah, Arezoo, Sedighian, Hamid, Kachuei, Reza, Behzadi, Elham, Imani Fooladi, Abbas Ali
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibiotics
Antimicrobial peptides
Antiviral agents
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Cell Biology
Cell membranes
Drug development
Drugs
Exosomes
Immunomodulation
Infections
Infectious diseases
Life Sciences
Lung diseases
Mesenchymal stem cells
Pathogens
Public health
Regenerative Medicine/Tissue Engineering
Sepsis
Stem Cells
Toxicity
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Summary:Microbial diseases are a great threat to global health and cause considerable mortality and extensive economic losses each year. The medications for treating this group of diseases (antibiotics, antiviral, antifungal drugs, etc.) directly attack the pathogenic agents by recognizing the target molecules. However, it is necessary to note that excessive use of any of these drugs can lead to an increase in microbial resistance and infectious diseases. New therapeutic methods have been studied recently using emerging drugs such as mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which act based on two completely different strategies against pathogens including Host-Directed Therapy (HDT) and Pathogen-Directed Therapy (PDT), respectively. In the PDT approach, AMPs interact directly with pathogens to interrupt their intrusion, survival, and proliferation. These drugs interact directly with the cell membrane or intracellular components of pathogens and cause the death of pathogens or inhibit their replication. The mechanism of action of MSC-Exos in HDT is based on immunomodulation and regulation, promotion of tissue regeneration, and reduced host toxicity. This review studies the potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes/ATPs therapeutic properties against microbial infectious diseases especially pulmonary infections and sepsis. Graphical Abstract
ISSN:2629-3269
2629-3277
DOI:10.1007/s12015-023-10594-2